현금흐름의 관점에서 살펴본 가계저축패턴에 관한 연구

Abstract

The purposes of this study were to identify saving patterns of households and to compare the socio-economic characteristics of the identified clusters. The saving pattern of this study means the way the household cashes are allocated to the different types of saving methods during a period of time. Saving methods are savings deposit, investment, pension & saving-type insurance, protection-type insurance, public pension and social insurance. The data of the study were the annual raw data of the 2012 Household Income & Expenditure Survey of Statistics Korea. Total sample consisted of 10,400 households of the whole country except farm and fishery households. Cluster analysis which is a statistical method for categorizing the households into similar groups was utilized. The variables used as criteria variables are the proportions of the cash amount which is allocated to each saving types in total amount of household saving. K-means cluster analysis was conducted using SPSS. Seven saving patterns are identified. The clusters are named according to their dominant saving method. The identified clusters are presented in the order of their economic levels. Among seven clusters, no saving cluster shows the lowest economic level whereas investment dominated cluster shows the highest. The levels of household income and the amount of saving are the lowest for no saving cluster and the highest for investment dominated cluster. The clusters are as follows : (1) No saving cluster who does not save at all consists 7.0% of total households. Household heads of this cluster are tend to be older and less educated. They are less likely to work. (2) Social insurance dominated cluster consists 5.5.% and the proportion of the amount of social insurance in total amount of saving is 92%. Social insurance largely includes the national health insurance. This means that this cluster actually can not afford to save money for the future consumption except for part of medical expense. (3) Pension & saving-type insurance dominated cluster consists the largest proportion of the households. 29.5% belong to this cluster. This cluster is overly dependent on pensions and saving-type insurance as saving method. (4) Public pension dominated cluster have the highest proportion of public pensions, followed by a high proportion of social insurance. It means that they depends mainly on the public system for their future. They are 8.3% of total households. (5) Average oriented cluster consists second largest proportion of the households. 28.5% belongs to this cluster. They tend to allocate the cash available for saving in the similar way the average total households do. (6) Savings deposit dominated cluster consists 19.0%. They save 64% of their saving money in saving deposits. (7) Investment dominated cluster consists only 2.2.%. The proportion of fund and securities accounts for 34% of total saving amount whereas the average proportion of total households is only 1%. For no saving cluster and social insurance dominated cluster, financial supports and social cares are need in advance of financial management strategy. For pension & saving-type insurance dominated cluster, cash flow should be adjusted for balanced saving portfolio. For public pension dominated cluster, education for promote active and voluntary saving for their future is needed.