내·외적 보상 요인과 교사의 교직 만족 및 몰입과의 관계 - 광주, 전남 초·중등 교사를 중심으로
The Influence of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors on Teachers' Job Satisfaction and Commitment: Based on Elementary and Secondary Teachers in Gwang-ju and Chon-nam
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초록
본 연구는 내·외적 보상 요인이 광주, 전남 초․중등 교사들의 직주 만족과 몰입에 미치는 영향을 다중회귀분석했다. 그들의 직무 만족도와 몰입도는 각각 M=3.97, M=3.70 이었다. 직무 만족에 대한 5 개의 내재적 요인-성취, 일 자체, 책무성, 인정, 성장 가능성 등과 5개 외재적 요인-직업안정, 직무환경, 보수, 감독기술, 인간관계 등의 통합적 영향력은 R=.563, R²=.317로 유의했다. 이 10개 요인들의 통합은 직무 만족 변화량의 31.7%를 설명하고 있었다. 상대적 중요성(β)은 일 자체, 성장 가능성, 보수 순이었다. 그 통합이 직무 몰입에 미치는 영향도 R=.759, R²=.576로 유의했다. 이들 통합은 직무 몰입의 변화량에 대하여 57.6%의 설명력을 가지고 있었다. 상대적 중요성은 일 자체, 성장 가능성, 인간관계, 성취 순이었다. 나머지 요인들의 중요성은 유의하지 않았다. 교사들의 직무 몰입도가 만족도를 밑도는 것은 그들이 직무에 만족한 만큼 몰입하지 않는 것이므로 그들이 교육 활동에 보다 몰입할 수 있도록 내·외적 조건을 정비, 제공할 필요가 있다. 또, 그들의 직무 만족을 위해 일 자체, 성장 가능성, 보수를, 직무 몰입을 위해서는 일 자체, 성장 가능성, 인간관계, 성취 순으로 우선순위를 두는 보상 전략도 고려할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the influences of 5 intrinsic and 5 extrinsic reward factors on teachers' job satisfaction and commitment at elementary and secondary levels in Gwangju and Chon-nam. The collected data 407 teachers were analyzed and tested at p<.05 or more by using Multiple Regression through SPSS. Teachers' job satisfaction and commitment were respectively M=3.91 and M=3.69 at Likert scale. Their satisfaction level was work-itself highest, responsibility next, achievement third, and job security fifth. The level was work environment lowest and salary next. The combination of 5 intrinsic and 5 extrinsic factors was accountable for 31.7% of the job satisfaction change, and 57.6% of the job commitment change. Work-itself, opportunity for growth, and salary factors had significant importance on their job satisfaction; work-itself, opportunity for growth, human relation, and achievement did on their job commitment; and the remaining factors did not on either. The connection between teachers' job satisfaction and job commitment is recommendable in the standpoint of reward policy. A strategic reward policy is also applicable to improving teachers' satisfaction with work-itself, opportunity for growth, and salary factors for their overall job satisfaction, and with work-itself, opportunity for growth, human relation, and achievement for their job commitment in their schools.
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