사찰건축 공간구성의 역사, 그리고 지속과 변형의 가능성

Abstract

The cultural style of Eastern Indian temples has held the position of accomplishment space and religious space by forming a Buddhist nunnery with a sarira stupa as the center. The style of the Buddhist temple in the Gandhara region (where there is an Image Hall enshrining Buddhist statues) was introduced into China and then into Korea. Three Pagodas and three Image Halls or single Pagodas and single Image Hall styles were the mainstream of temples in the period of the Three States. Then they changed to two Pagodas and two image Halls in the Unified Silla. At that time, the living space of Buddhist monks was separate from work space. There is a corridor between the ritual space of a temple and the main building of a temple. The style was not against the rule in Goryeo Dynasty. However, ritual space was connected to a temple by a corridor. The layout of space became similar to that of the modern traditional style temples because the corridor disappeared. Living space for the Buddhist monks is now similar to the living space found during the Joseon Dynasty. The organization of space in the temple is a symbol of Sumeru mountain based on the Buddhist vision of the universe. The importance of the mountain was emphasized by the veneration of Confucianism. As Buddhism was suppressed temples in the flatland disappeared. The remaining temples were in mountain areas in the Joseon Dynasty. The traditional temples that are open now were built with the organization of space used in the late Joseon Dynasty. There an entry door connected to Il-joo-mun (一柱門), Cheon-wang-mun (天王門) and Bul-i-mun (不二門). You can see the Court Concentric Type of ‘ㅁ’ and a stately mansion if you look through the door. Arranged around the mansion are shrines to Buddhist saints or mountain spirits. However, many temples are being built in the city as civilization and society develops. Traditional temples located in mountain areas built very wide. However, temples in the cities are built very long because of the land prices. So, city temples seek convenience for modern people as well as maintaining religious symbolism. These temples build a modern mansion on top of the temple. The newly built mountainous district temples are built in traditional style. City temples are now developing with more width. In other words, Korean temple construction has the aspects of continuance and transformation at the same time.