다문화적 관점에서 바라본 도시 사찰건축에 관한 연구

Abstract

In the multi-cultural society of Korea where 95% of the population reside in cities, it is of high value to investigate the way of designing and operating urban Buddhist architecture, whose formalities and contents are incomplete. This study examines the beginning of Sangharama, problems of urban Buddhist temple architecture in Korea, and architectural requirements of urban Buddhist temples. The findings are as follows:1) Since a city is an aggregate of cultures by its very nature, it is necessary to re-establish a nation of Buddhism in a city as well, and the study on its response, adaptation, and change upon the vertical arrangement of Sangharama rather than the horizontal one needs to be diversified accordingly. 2) Sangharama in the city inevitably involves a limited use of woods or roofing tiles because of its vertical structure. As architectural materials have been advanced, however, a variety of design types may be applied in modern architecture. Hence, Buddhist temples may seem irrelevant to each other without uniformity or symbolism unless the archetype is reconsidered in correspondence to urban features. 3) As there may be a number of individuals or groups with cultures heterogeneous from those of Buddhism in the city, a linear and systematic response in a long-term perspective is necessary in the area of architectural design as well. 4) As for the operation of Buddhist temples, it is vital to take advantage of experts in various areas who are familiar with multi-cultural backgrounds as well as Buddhist priests. In other words, specialization and diversification are to be reflected in the frame of Sangharama in the city in a harmonious and integrated manner. 5) Newly built Buddhist temples in the city, many of which are still built of wood and involve lower heat insulation efficiency, may utilize various modern-day technologies to reduce energy consumption and prevent fire or robbery. 6) As Buddhist priests who are familiar with old traditions of Buddhism and have absolute influence on the construction of Buddhist temples may not understand or embrace new modern designs or spatial utilization techniques, newly built Buddhist temples are likely to be of ambiguity, neither fully reflecting the arrangements and designs of traditional Buddhist temples nor clearly adopting modern designs. This is an aspect that requires an appreciative eye and a lot of research on the part of the building owner.