박종홍과 황장엽 그리고 다나베 하지메, 민족/국가로 녹아든 개인: 한반도 근대국가의 주체상

Abstract

This article attem pts a critical narrative on the political-philosophical relationship betw een Tanabe H ajim e of th e K yoto S chool in Japan , Park Jo ng-hong of South K orea, and H w ang Jang-yu p of N orth K orea . Tanabe H ajim e pres ents the ‘logic of species’ to discu ss the sublim ation of th e Japanese Em pir e into a ‘u niversa l sta te’ in the 1 930s. H ere, h e a rgues that the n ation/sta te as an ‘absolu te m edium ’ m ediates in dividu als and universal hum anity through negation. Th is article argues tha t the concept and the w a y of thinking are sim ilar in Park’s discussion of ‘national su bjectivity’ and H w ang’s ‘H um an-C enter ed Philoso phy’. The two philosophers who served as official ideologues of the two Koreas are not different, arguing that individuals cannot exist by bypassing the nation or the state and cannot be sublim ated into a universal hum an race. Individuals as su bjects w er e alw a ys called ‘national subjects’ or could only become universal subjects through it, but it was difficult to philosophically imagine other possibilities. In the end, the realization of hum an universal was constantly delay ed to the future, and the longitudinal specificity of reality, the nation-state formed the center of socio- political thinking and efforts. In this situation, it is difficult to philosophically and ideologically imagine that individua ls are in solid arity with each oy her beyond the state under a universal ideology.