US-China Cooperation on Climate Change at COP26: Policy Implications for Environment and Energy
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Despite fierce strategic competition, the United States and China reached to a breakthrough agreement at COP26. This article addresses how and why the two superpowers chose to cooperate on environment and energy. Scientific evidence of global warming pressured the largest and second-largest carbon emitters to bear the responsibility and burden of climate change. In addition, there has been a growing interdependence between them since the Obama administration. As the US became an oil and gas exporting country in the late 2010, the Trump administration pushed ahead with selling oil and gas surpluses to China that rapidly increased energy imports. In pursuit of a Global Green New Deal, the Biden administration made efforts to help China achieve carbon neutrality as early as possible. For China, natural gas can be a second-best option during energy transition because it emits less carbon than coal. US gas also contributes to diversifying energy imports. These mutual interests played a crucial role in insulating climate change cooperation from strategic competition.
Abstract
Despite fierce strategic competition, the United States and China reached to a breakthrough agreement at COP26. This article addresses how and why the two superpowers chose to cooperate on environment and energy. Scientific evidence of global warming pressured the largest and second-largest carbon emitters to bear the responsibility and burden of climate change. In addition, there has been a growing interdependence between them since the Obama administration. As the US became an oil and gas exporting country in the late 2010, the Trump administration pushed ahead with selling oil and gas surpluses to China that rapidly increased energy imports. In pursuit of a Global Green New Deal, the Biden administration made efforts to help China achieve carbon neutrality as early as possible. For China, natural gas can be a second-best option during energy transition because it emits less carbon than coal. US gas also contributes to diversifying energy imports. These mutual interests played a crucial role in insulating climate change cooperation from strategic competition.
참고문헌 (47)
- America’s Pledge Initiative on Climate Change, "Accelerating America’s Pledge: Going All-in to Build a Prosperous, Low-carbon Economy for the United States", Bloomberg Philanthropies with University of Maryland Center for Global Sustainability, Rocky Mountain Institute, and World Resources Institute, ~ (2019)
- Asia Society and Pew Center on Global Climate Change, "Roadmap for U.S.-China Cooperation on Energy and Climate Change", 50~54 (2009)
- "The Biden Plan to Build a Modern, Sustainable Infrastructure and an Equitable Clean Energy Future" (2020)[URL]
- Biden, Joe, "Remarks by President Biden in Press Conference", ~ (2021)
- US-China Phase One Tracker: China’s Purchases of US Goods: As of August 2020, "Bown, Chad P.", Peterson Institute for International Economics, ~ (2020)
- Boyle, Kathleen, "Energy Darwinism III: The Electrifying Path to Net Zero Carbon" (2019), Global Perspectives & Solutions
- BP, "Energy Outlook Downloads and Archive" (2020)
- China and the United States: A Comparison of Green Energy Programs and Policies, "Campbell, Richard J.", Congressional Research Service, ~ (2014)
- Dreyer, June Teufel, "Sino-American Energy Cooperation", Journal of Contemporary China, 16(52), pp.461~476 (2007)[DOI]
- "Beijing Is Winning the Race to Build-and Sell-clean Energy Technology" (2020)[URL]
- "China’s Carbon Neutrality Goal to Advance Global Schedule by 5-10 Years" (2020)[URL]
- Hart, Melanie, "Shining a Light on U.S.-China Clean Energy Cooperation" (2012), Center for American Progress
- House Select Committee on the Climate Crisis, "Solving the Climate Crisis : The Congressional Action Plan for a Clean Energy Economy and a Healthy, Resilient, and Just America", ~ (2020)
- Race to the Top: The Case for a New U.S. International Energy Policy, "Ladislaw, Sarah", Center for Strategic and International Studies, ~ (2020)
- Energy and the US-China Phase One Trade Deal: Don’t Believe the Hype at Least Not All of It, "Ladislaw, Sarah", Center for Strategic and International Studies, ~ (2020)
- Lewis, Joanna, "Parallel Perspectives on the Global Economic Order: A U.S.-China Essay Collection" (2017), Center for Strategic and International Studies
- U.S.-China Clean Energy Cooperation:The Road Ahead, "Lieberthal, Kenneth G.", Brookings Institution, ~, pp.Policy Brief. No. 09-05 (2009)
- Mazzocco, Ilaria., "What Is China’s Climate Agenda?" (2021), Center for Strategic and International Studies
- U.S.-China Collaboration: Can They “Inspire the World?”, "Moch, Jonathan", World Resources Institute, ~ (2013)
- China: Growing Import Volumes of LNG Highlight China’s Rising Energy Import Dependency, "O’ Sullivan, Stephen", Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, ~ (2019)
- Russian Federation- East Asia Liquefied Natural Gas Trade Patterns and Regional Energy Security, "Rasoulinezhad, Ehsan", ADBI, ~, pp.ADBI Working Paper. 965 (2019)
- Sandalow, David, "Guide to Chinese Climate Policy" (2019), Center on Global Energy Policy
- "Can China, the World’s Biggest Coal Consumer, Become Carbon Neutral by 2060?" (2020)[URL]
- Tsafos, Nikos, "How Will Natural Gas Fare in the Energy Transition?" (2020), Center for Strategic and International Studies
- Tsafos, Nikos, "The Battle for Coal at COP26" (2021), Center for Strategic and International Studies
- Tyson, Alec, "Two-thirds of Americans Think Government Should Do More on Climate" (2020), Pew Research Center
- "Recognizing the Duty of the Federal Government to Create a Green New Deal, Draft Resolution" (2019)[URL]
- Chapter 1, Section 4. U.S.-China Clean Energy Cooperation, "U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission", 2014 Annual Report to Congress, ~ (2014)
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, "Glasgow Climate Pact", ~ (2021)
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, "COP26: Glasgow Climate Pact", ~ (2021)
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, "COP26: Negotiation Explained", ~ (2021)
- United States Government Accountability Office, "U.S.-China Cooperation: Bilateral Clean Energy Programs Show Some Results but Should Enhance Their Performance Monitoring", ~ (2016)
- "US Census Bureau" (2021)[URL]
- US Department of Commerce, "Joint Press Release: Initial Results of the 100-Day Action Plan of the U.S.- China Comprehensive Economic Dialogue", ~ (2017)
- U.S.-China Clean Energy Cooperation:A Progress Report by the U.S. Department of Energy, "US Department of Energy", ~ (2011)
- U.S.-China Joint Glasgow Declaration on Enhancing Climate Action in the 2020s, "US Department of State", ~ (2021)
- "Renewable Energy Can Live with Trump or Biden" (2020)[URL]
- White House, "FACT SHEET: U.S.-China Joint Announcement on Climate Change and Clean Energy Cooperation", ~ (2014)
- White House., "Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Has Unleashed American Producers and Restored Our Energy Dominance", ~ (2020)
- White House, "Paris Climate Agreement", ~ (2021)
- White House, "Executive Order on Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad", ~ (2021)
- White House, "Interim National Security Strategy Guidance", ~ (2021)
- Xi Jinping, "Statement at the General Debate of the 75 th Session of The United Nations General Assembly", ~ (2020)
- Xi, Jinping, "Unite for Action: To Protect the Planet, Our Shared Home. Written Statement at the World Leaders Summit", ~ (2021)
- Xu, Muyu, "China Could Meet Emissions Pledge Early; Carbon Market on Track: Officials", Reuters, ~ (2018)
- Yergin, Daniel, "The New Map: Energy, Climate, and the Clash of Nations" (2020), Penguin Press
- Zhang, Wei, "Potential Cooperation in Renewable Energy between China and the United States of America", Energy Policy, 75, pp.403~409 (2014)