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공적연금 수령이 건강 행태에 미치는 영향

The Effect of Receiving a Public Pension on Health Behaviors

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류경영학

초록

도덕적 해이는 역선택과 함께 보험과 관련한 행태경제학 연구 중 이론적으로나실증적으로 가장 많은 연구가 이루어진 주제이다. 하지만 연금에서의 도덕적 해이와 관련한실증연구는 국내외 모두에서 찾아보기 어렵다. 이에 한국노동패널 8차(2005년) ~ 21차(2018년) 자료(총 14개년)를 활용해 연금수령 이후 또는 연금액이 증가함에 따라경제주체가 건강을 유지하려는 노력이 달라지는지를 분석하였다. 다양한 패널모형을 활용해분석한 결과, 연금을 수령하는 순간부터 또는 연금액이 증가함에 따라 건강 유지 노력을더 하게 되고, 운동을 더 하게 되고, 흡연자는 금연을 하거나 흡연량을 줄이고, 나아가음주자는 금주하거나 음주량을 경감시키는 행태 변화가 관측되었다. 그러므로 보험료 산정시 또는 제도 개혁 시 사망률 개선의 영향뿐만 아니라 연금수령자와 연금액이 증가함에따라 건강 행태의 변화로 인해 직면하게 될 장수리스크까지 고려해야 한다.

Abstract

Moral hazard is the theme of the most research both theoretically and empirically in economics of insurance. However, not empirical studies have been conducted on moral hazard in pensions. Using long panel data, we analyze whether the health behaviors of the economic agent change after the pension receipt or as the pension amount increases. The empirical results show that as soon as people receive the pension or as the amount of pension increase, they make more efforts to maintain health, add more exercise, and quit smoking and drinking or reduce the amount of smoking and drinking. Therefore, when calculating insurance premiums or reforming the system in the future, not only the impact of improving the mortality rate but also the longevity risks caused by changes in health behaviors as pension recipients and pension amounts increase should be considered.

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