칼뱅의 인간이해에 있어 “첨가된 속성”(adventitiam qualitatem)과 “본래의 특성”(substantialem proprietatem) 사이의 문제에 대한 연구

Abstract

Calvin says in his Institute of Christian Religion(II.1.11): “We say then that man is corrupted by a natural viciousness, but not by one which proceeded from nature.” Continually he discerns a substantial property from an adventitious event: “In saying that it proceeded not from nature, we mean that it was rather an adventitious event which befell man, than a substantial property assigned to him from the beginning.” We have to prospect the whole structure of Calvin's Anthropology and apprehend his intention in order to understand exactly in this complicated argument. The beginning point ist that Calvin made a distinction between the men of primal condition before the fall and the men under sin. He asserts that the men of primal condition was in perfect harmony of reason, intellect and volition. But by choosing the evil the men came to corruption and has been under pollution of sin. Calvin, however, does not say the fallen man ist not totally unworthy. "Supernatural gifts destroyed; natural gifts corrupted." That means the genuine knowledge about salvation was extinguished wholly, but the reason which had been assigned in the beginning remained still alive in spite of effect of sin. Thus the man, although he was fallen, can achieve amazing science and brilliant culture by using the reason as the gifts of nature. But Calvin emphasizes this ability came from the common grace. Like this Calvin's understanding on human being is dialectical. The man is obviously fallen, but in light of the common grace he is the resonable being, who accomplishes his cultural responsibility. Thanks to this viewpoint the Calvinism was able to contribute to the development of entire society by achieving excellent science and brilliant culture in spite of its doctrine of total depravity.