The Influences of Outdoor Activities with Companion Dogs on the Attention of Children with ADHD
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of outdoor activities with companion dogs on the attention of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Three children(one in the second grade and two in the third grade) were selected as objects of the study, with the consent of their parents. They attended one elementary school in J city, Jeollabukdo, and were diagnosed with ADHD by the J psychological counseling center. Outdoor activities for this study were conducted once a week in 90-minute sessions (totaling 12 sessions) spanning May to July 2010. Each child was accompanied by 1 companion dog, 1 handler, and 2 observers. The study measured selective attention, sustained attention, self-control, short-term memory, auditory attention, and visual attention as the key factors related to attention. Specific target behaviors and behavioral observations were recorded on recording paper, and behavioral changes were plotted in a graph. In addition, pre-post changes of attention were analyzed using Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Test (ADHDT) and ADD-H Comprehensive Teacher's Rating Scale (ACTeRS) as measured by parents. The results indicated that outdoor activities with companion dogs had positive influences on selective attention, sustained attention, self control, and auditory attention, all of which are sub-factors of ADHD children’s attention. However, visual attention was not affected. Therefore, outdoor activities with companion dogs may provide a useful therapeutic intervention that improves the attention of children with ADHD.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of outdoor activities with companion dogs on the attention of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Three children(one in the second grade and two in the third grade) were selected as objects of the study, with the consent of their parents. They attended one elementary school in J city, Jeollabukdo, and were diagnosed with ADHD by the J psychological counseling center. Outdoor activities for this study were conducted once a week in 90-minute sessions (totaling 12 sessions) spanning May to July 2010. Each child was accompanied by 1 companion dog, 1 handler, and 2 observers. The study measured selective attention, sustained attention, self-control, short-term memory, auditory attention, and visual attention as the key factors related to attention. Specific target behaviors and behavioral observations were recorded on recording paper, and behavioral changes were plotted in a graph. In addition, pre-post changes of attention were analyzed using Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Test (ADHDT) and ADD-H Comprehensive Teacher's Rating Scale (ACTeRS) as measured by parents. The results indicated that outdoor activities with companion dogs had positive influences on selective attention, sustained attention, self control, and auditory attention, all of which are sub-factors of ADHD children’s attention. However, visual attention was not affected. Therefore, outdoor activities with companion dogs may provide a useful therapeutic intervention that improves the attention of children with ADHD.
참고문헌 (32)
- Banich,M.T, "Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychology (2nd ed.)" (2004), Houghton Mifflin
- Barkley,R.A, "Behavioral inhibition sustained, attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD", Psychological Bulletin, 121(1), pp.65~94 (1997)
- Barkley,R.A, "Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (3rd. ed.)" (2006), Guilford Press
- Ervin, R. A., "Parent and teacher ratings of ADHD symptoms: Psychometric properties in a community-based sample", Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 20(3), pp.245~253 (1996)
- 은소희, "주의력결핍 과잉행동장애", Korean Journal of Pediatrics, 51(9), pp.935~943 (2008), 대한소아과학회
- Friesen, L, "Exploring animal-assisted programs with children in school and therapeutic contexts", Early Childhood Education Journal, 37(4), pp.261~267 (2010)
- Giaquinto, S., "Is there a scientific basis for pet therapy?", Disability and Rehabilitation, 31(7), pp.595~598 (2009)
- GyeongGi Province, "1st and 2nd Test results of Mental Health Screening Program for Children in GyeongGi Province 2010", Gyeonggi Provincial Office of Education., ~ (2010)
- Hale, J. B., "Analyzing digit span components for assessment of attention processes", Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 20(2), pp.128~143 (2002)
- Jackson,M, "Distracted: The erosion of attention and the coming dark age" (2008), Prometheus Books
- Jackson, N. E., "Letter naming time, digit span, and precocious reading-achievement", Intelligence, 6(3), pp.311~329 (1982)
- Katcher, A. H., "A 4-year trial of animal-assisted therapy with public school special education students. In The handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice", pp.227~242 (2006), Academic Press
- Kuo, F. E., "A potential natural treatment for attention-deficit", hyperactivity disorder: Evidence form a national study, 2004, pp.94(9), 1580~1586
- Kwak, G. J., "K-WISC-Ⅲ" (2001), Special Education Press
- Lehto,J, "Are executive function tests dependent on working memory capacity?", The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 49(1), pp.29~50 (1996)
- Lehto, J., "Dimensions of executive functioning: Evidence from children", British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 21(1), pp.59~80 (2003)
- 임경희, "성, 학년, 지역에 따른 초등학생의 ADHD 출현율 조사 연구", 초등교육연구, 17(1), pp.235~260 (2004), 한국초등교육학회
- Limond, J., "Behavior of children with learning disabilities interacting with a therapy dog", Anthrozoos, 10(2), pp.84~89 (1997)
- Melson, G. F., "Animals in the lives of children. In The handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice", pp.223~245 (2010), Academic Press
- Miyake, A., "The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “Frontal Lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis", Cognitive Psychology, 41(1), pp.49~100 (2000)
- Monsell,S, "Control of mental processes. In Unsolved mysteries of the mind: Tutorial essays in cognition", pp.93~148 (1996), Psychology Press
- NHIC, "ADHD patients increased 238 % in six years than in 2003!", ~ (2010)
- Palladino, L. J, "Find your focus zone: An effective new plan to defeat distraction and overload" (2007), Free Press
- Parker, E. S., "A case of unusual autobiographical remembering", Neurocase, 12(1), pp.35~49 (2006)
- Prothmann, A., "Dogs in child psychotherapy: Effects on state of mind", Anthrozoos, 19(3), pp.265~277 (2006)
- Sarason, I. G., "Abnormal psychology" (1996), Prentice-Hall
- Schaefer, C. E., "GamePlay: Therapeutic use of childhood games (2nd ed.)" (2001), Wiley & Sons
- Serpell,J.A, "Animal companions and human well-being: An historical exploration of the value of human-animal relationships. In The handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Theoretical foundations and guidelines for Practice", pp.3~19 (2000), Academic Press
- Shaffer,D.R, "Developmental psychology: Childhood and adolescence (6th ed.)" (2002), Wardsworth Thomson Learning
- Son, J. W., "A study on the behavioral pattern of distractible children showing the difference between visual and auditory attention", Chungbuk Medical Journal, 13(1), pp.44~54 (2003)
- Taylor, A. F., "Children with attention deficits concentrate better after walk in the park", Journal of Attention Disorders, 12(5), pp.402~409 (2009)
- Taylor, A. F., "Coping with ADD: The surprising connection to green play settings", Environment and Behavior, 33(1), pp.54~77 (2001)