유아용 자아존중감 척도’ 개발 및 타당화
The development and validation of 'Self-Esteem Scale for Young Children'
1
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 유아용 자아존중감 척도 개발과 타당도 및 신뢰도 검증을 목적으로 하였다. 먼저 문헌고찰을 토대로 자아존중감의 개념과 구조를 분석하여 가치와 유능성 하위요인에 따라 문항을작성한 후, 도구개발을 위한 연구모임을 통해 1차 시안을 만들고, 전문가 협의회를 통해 2차 시안으로 정리하고, 예비연구를 통해 3차 시안을 완성하였다. 최종 문항 선정을 위한 본 연구에서는유아교육기관 만 3~5세 학급의 유아 362명에게 검사를 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 문항분석 결과및 문항의 필요성과 중요성을 고려하여, 총 22문항(가치 11문항, 유능성 11문항)의 유아용 자아존중감 최종 척도를 확정하였다. 최종 척도의 타당도는 확인적 요인분석을 통해 구인타당도, 유아자아존중감 연구 경험이 있는 전문가들의 검토를 통해 내용타당도, 기존 도구(PSPCSA)와의 상관분석을 통해 준거타당도를 검증하였다. 신뢰도의 경우, 문항내적일관성신뢰도(Cronbach's α)는.91(가치 .86, 유능성 .86), 검사-재검사 신뢰도(r)는 .75(가치 .74, 유능성 .70)로 나타나 본 척도가일관성 및 안정성이 있음을 확인하였다. 개발된 척도는 가치와 유능성을 포괄하여 유아의 자아존중감을 측정할 수 있으며, 유아 내면의 건강 증진을 위해 유아교육기관에서 활용할 수 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop a self-esteem scale for young children and to test its validity and reliability. Based on the literature review, the concept and structure of self-esteem were analyzed and items were created according to the sub factors of worthiness and competence. The first item draft was developed through reviews of the research group for scale development. The secondary item draft was organized through experts' reviews, and the third item draft was constructed through a pilot study. To determine the final items, 362 data from young children collected through individual tests at 3-5 year-old classes in kindergarten and childcare centers. Considering the statistics of item analysis and the necessity and importance of items, a total of 22 items (11 items for worthiness, 11 items for competence) were confirmed. The construct validity was verified through confirmatory factor analysis, the content validity was confirmed through experts' reviews, and the criterion-related validity was confirmed through the correlation analysis with the existing scale (PSPCSA). For reliability, the results of item internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α) were .91 (.86 for worthiness, .86 for competence) and the results of test-retest reliablity (r) were .75 (.74 for worthiness, .70 for competence), verifying that the final scale had consistency and stability. This scale measures the self-esteem of young children by encompassing worthiness and competence, and can be used in early childhood institutions to enhance the inner health of young children.
참고문헌 (51)
- 단현국, "교사용 유아 자기존중감 척도 개발에 대한 기초연구", 미래유아교육학회지, 13(4), pp.81~104 (2006), 미래유아교육학회
- 배병렬, "Mplus 7.0 구조방정식모델링" (2016), 청람
- 성태제, "타당도와 신뢰도" (2002), 학지사
- 오지윤, "역량에 대한 자기지각이 높은 아동과 낮은 아동들의 일상적 스트레스 및 스트레스 대처방식에 대한 비교", 석사, 초등교육, pp.1999
- 이순묵, "요인분석의 기초" (2000), 교육과학사
- 이승연, "다문화 가정 유아의 보호요인과 행동문제에 대한 부모와 교사의 평가 비교", 교육과학연구, 43(3), pp.59~84 (2012), 교육과학연구소
- 이희연, "고급통계분석론: 이론과 실습" (2013), 문우사
- 임현주, "유아의 자아존중감, 또래놀이 상호작용 군집에 따른 유아의 사회적 유능성 다변량분석", 유아교육연구, 38(3), pp.215~236 (2018), 한국유아교육학회[DOI]
- 제희선, "유아 자아존중감 평가도구 개발 연구", 미래유아교육학회지, 23(3), pp.269~292 (2016), 미래유아교육학회[DOI]
- 지성애, "유아의 행동문제와 인지능력 및 자아존중감 간의 관계 분석", 유아교육연구, 34(3), pp.197~219 (2014), 한국유아교육학회[DOI]
- 지성애, "유아의 자아 존중감 척도 개발에 관한 연구", 유아교육학논집, 7(1), pp.43~67 (2003), 한국영유아교원교육학회
- 최진, "능력주의 교육에서의 ‘자존감’ 개념에 대한 비판적 고찰: ‘자기존중’ 측면의 보완을 탐색하며", 교육학연구, 59(4), pp.1~30 (2021), 한국교육학회
- 최현미, "유아 자아존중감 평가척도 개발 및 타당화 연구", 유아교육학논집, 15(6), pp.167~187 (2011), 한국영유아교원교육학회
- Bandalos, D. L., "Measurement theory of applications for the social sciences" (2018), Guilford
- Boivin, M., "Peer status and self-perception among early elementary school children : Rejected children", Child Development, 60(3), pp.591~596 (1989)[DOI]
- Branden, N, "What needs to be done?", pp.439~441 (2006), Psychology Press
- Branden, N, "자존감의 여섯기둥" (2015), 교양인
- Brown, J. D., "Self-esteem issues and answers", pp.4~9 (2006), Psychology Press
- Byrne, B. M., "Structural equation modeling with Mplus: Basic concepts, applications, and programming" (2012), Routledge
- Crocker, J., "Contingencies of self-worth in college students : Theory and measurement", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(5), pp.894~908 (2003)[DOI]
- DeVellis, R. F., "Scale development: Theory and applications" (2017), Sage
- Fulmer, S. M., "A review of self-report and alternative approaches in the measurement of student motivation", Educational Psychology Review, 21, pp.219~246 (2009)[DOI]
- Geiser, C., "Mplus를 이용한 데이터 분석" (2019), 학지사
- Gramzow, R. H., "Self-evaluation bias and academic performance : Some ways and some reasons why", Journal of Research in Personality, 37, pp.41~61 (2003)[DOI]
- Haltiwanger, J., "The Behavioral Rating Scale of Presented Self-esteem for Young Children", Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 2(1), pp.1~7 (2019)
- Harter, S., "The Perceived Competence Scale for Children", Child Development, 53(1), pp.87~97 (1982)[DOI]
- Harter, S., "The construction of the self", pp.195~227 (1991), Guilford
- Harter, S., "The construction of the self: Developmental and sociocultural foundations" (2012), Guilford Press
- Harter, S., "Young adolescents' perceptions of the link between low self-worth and depressed affect", Journal of Early Adolescence, 13(4), pp.383~407 (1993)[DOI]
- Harter, S., "A model of psychological risk factors leading to suicidal ideation in young adolescents", Development and Psychopathology, 4(1), pp.167~188 (1992)[DOI]
- Harter, S., "The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children", Child Development, 55(6), pp.1969~1982 (1984)[DOI]
- Heatherton, T. F., "Binge eating as escape from self-awareness", Psychological Bulletin, 110(1), pp.86~108 (1991)[DOI]
- Hu, L., "Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis : Conventional criteria versus new alternatives", Structural Equation Modeling : A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), pp.1~55 (1999)[DOI]
- James, W., "The principles of psychology" (1983), Harvard University Press
- Kernis, M. H., "Toward a conceptualization of optimal self-esteem", Psychological Inquiry, 14(1), pp.1~26 (2003)[DOI]
- Kline, R. B., "Principles and practice of structural equation modeling" (2005), Guilford Press
- Leary, M. R., "Making sense of self-esteem", Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8(1), pp.32~35 (1999)[DOI]
- Marsh, H. W., "Causal ordering of academic self-concept and academic achievement : A multiwave, longitudinal panel analysis", Journal of Educational Psychology, 82(4), pp.646~656 (1990)[DOI]
- McDonald, R. P., "Principles and practice in reporting structural equation analyses", Psychological Methods, 7, pp.64~82 (2002)[DOI]
- Mruk, C. J., "Self-esteem issues and answers", pp.10~15 (2006), Psychology Press
- Mruk, C. J., "Self-esteem and positive psychology: Research, theory, and practice" (2013), Springer
- Nunnally, J. C., "Psychometric theory" (1994), McGraw-Hill
- Robins, R. W., "Handbook of personality psychology", pp.649~679 (1997), Academic Press
- Robson, C., "The influence of moral disengagement, morally based self-esteem, age, and gender on traditional bullying and cyberbullying", Journal of School Violence, 12, pp.211~231 (2013)[DOI]
- Roland, C., "Self-respect : A neglected concept", Philosophical Psychology, 16(2), pp.247~287 (2003)[DOI]
- Rosenberg, M., "Society and the adolescent self-image" (1965), Princeton University Press
- Stormshak, E. A., "The qualitative interactions of children with conduct problems and their peers : Differential correlates with self-report measures, home behavior, and school behavior problems", Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 20(2), pp.295~317 (1999)[DOI]
- Sturgess, J., "A review of the use of self-report assessment with young children", British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 65(3), pp.108~116 (2002)[DOI]
- Sun, J., "Assessing goodness of fit in confirmatory factor analysis", Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 37(4), pp.240~256 (2015)[DOI]
- Wang, J., "Structural equation modeling: Applications using Mplus" (2019), Wiley
- Zeigler-Hill, V., "Self-esteem: Current issues in social psychology" (2013), Psychology Press