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지적장애인의 신체활동참여 결정요인

Determinants of Physical Activity Participation by Persons with Intellectual Disability

이범진
한국특수체육학회 (Korean Society Of Adapted Physical Activity)|2008.12|한국특수체육학회지 (Korean Journal of Adapted Physical Activity)|제16권 제4호|pp. 77-95|DOI 10.17006/kjapa.2008.16.4.77

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키워드

Parents신체활동Intellectual Disability지적장애인Physical Activity Participation장애인 부모

초록

본 연구는 지적장애인의 신체활동참여 결정요인을 도출하기 위한 목적으로 실시되었 다. 연구 참여자는 지적장애인 자녀(학령기와 성인기)와 함께 살고 있는 부모들(n=190)로 지역 스페셜올림픽경기대회, 대학의 스포츠기술 프로그램, 그리고 자페증 부모 단체의 정 기회의장 현장에서 바로 선정되었다. 조사도구는 “7-day Recall Physical Activity Questionnaire” (Sallis et al., 1989; 2002)와 Lee와 Dummer(2003)의 “Parental Values and Concerns Survey"을 수정 및 보완하여 새로이 개발된 장애인 신체활동참여 설문지가 사용 되었으며, 자기평가기입법에 의해 작성되었다. 데이터 클리닝 후 선별된 190개의 설문지 가 기술통계와 단계선택방법(stepwise method)을 사용한 중다회귀분석을 통해 분석되어 졌다. 기술통계 분석결과에 살펴보면, 학령기 지적장애인 자녀가 성인기 자녀와 부모보다 신체활동 참여도가 상대적으로 더 높았으며, 팀 스포츠 또는 단체게임보다는 개인적으로 참여하는 신체활동 유형(자유놀이, 자전거타기, 걷기, 청소, 정원일, 역기 들기 등)을 더 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 많은 부모들이 자신의 지적장애인 자녀가 또래의 비장 애인보다는 신체활동 참여도가 상대적으로 더 낮게 인식하는 반면, 또래의 장애인보다는 더 높다는 생각을 가지고 있었다. 회귀분석 결과에서 알 수 있는 것은, 자녀의 장애정도, 부모의 연령, 그리고 부모의 신체활동 참여도가 지적장애인 자녀의 신체활동 참여를 결 정짓는 중요한 요인들이었다. 표본 내 집단의 편중현상(skewed distribution)을 고려한 후 속연구의 필요성이 제기되고 있으며, 지도자 및 부모를 위한 제언도 논의되고 있다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to derive the determinants of physical activity participation by persons with intellectual disability(ID). Participants were 190 parents selected from a regional competition of Special Olympics, university-sponsored physical activity program for persons with disability called, "Sport SKills Program", and a Autism Society of Lansing. The selection criteria included: (a) parents who have a child (either school-aged or adult) with intellectual ID; and (b) parents who must live with the child. A newly developed instrument called, "Physical Activity Participation Questionnaire for the Disabled" based on a 7-day Recall Physical Activity Questionnaire (Sallis et al., 1984; 2002) and Parental Values and Concerns Survey (Lee & Dummer, 2004) was distributed to the participants and completed using a self-administered method. Results of descriptive statistics indicated that the level of physical activity participation by school-aged children with ID was relatively higher than that by adult children with ID, as well as their parents. Results also showed that most of parents and their children with ID preferred to participate in a type of individual sport rather than team sport or group game. Results of multiple regression using a stepwise method indicated that severity of child's disability, parent's age, and levels of parent's physical activity participation were significant determinants of physical activity participation by persons with ID. Meaningful messages for follow-up researchers, teachers/coaches, program directors and parents were further discussed.

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