유아의 시간조망의 발달과 반사실적 사고 및 만족지연의 관계
Development of temporal perspective and its relations to counterfactual thinking and delay of gratification in preschool children
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이 연구는 McCormack(2014)의 시간조망의 발달 2단계와 반사실적 사고, 만족지연과의 관계를 살펴보았다. 시간조망 2단계의 주요한 특징은 과거와 미래의 차이를 구별하는 것이다. 4, 5, 6세 유아 72명을 대상으로 시간조망과 반사실적 사고에 대해 질문했다. 유아의 만족지연은 어머니가 만족지연척도를 이용하여 평정했다. 5세와 6세 유아들은 과거의 사건은 바꿀수 없으나 미래의 사건은 바꿀수 있음을 이해했다. 시간조망은 반사실적 사고와 아무런 관계가 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 5세에게서 만족지연은 시간조망과의 관계를 보였다. 시간조망과제 중 지식과제의 미래질문에 올바르게 답한 5세 유아는 수용어휘를 통제한 후에도 만족지연을 더 잘했다.
Abstract
This study investigated the development of McCormack(2014)’s 2nd stage of temporal perspective and its relations to counterfactual thinking and delay of gratification. One core feature of the 2nd stage is the distinction between past and future. Seventy two 4- to 6-year-old children were interviewed for their temporal perspective and counterfactual thinking. Mothers rated children’s delay of gratification on the Delay of Gratification Scale. 5- and 6-year-old children understood that events in the past are unalterable but the events in the future are potentially alterable. Counterfactual thinking was not related to children’s temporal perspective. However, delay of gratification was related to 5-year-old children’s temporal perspective. 5-year old children who answered the future questions in the knowledge task better were better at delaying gratification even after controlling for receptive vocabulary.
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