거리의 정치. 모로코 고학력실업자들의 시위
Politics of street. Demonstrations of the graduated unemployed people in Morocco
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불법으로 규정된 평화시위는 저항의 정치적 성격을 더욱 부각하는데, 모로코의 고학력실업자시위가 대표적이다. 수년 동안 매주 정기적으로 열리는 대학생들의 시위는 정부의 교육과 실업 정책을 비판하며 다양한 정치 세력을 규합하고 있다. 이들이 요구하는 공무원직 채용이 시위 참여자에게 개별적 이해를 부여하는 역할을 하지만, 이것만으로는 시위가 장기간 지속되는 원동력을 충분히 설명하지 못한다. 이에, 본 논문은 시위에 공동의 경험을 만드는 두 가지 문화적 요소가 있음에 주목하였다. 하나는 질서가 강조되는 일상의 거리를 저항의 공간으로 전환하는 전복의 의미이다. 이런 의미에서 모하메드5세대로에서 펼쳐지는 공권력과 시위대의 힘의 대결은 단순한 일자리 요구가 아니라 정치적 힘겨루기로 여겨질 수 있다. 두 번째 요소는 일련의 과정을 거쳐 전개되는 시위의 의례적 과정으로서, 이는 폭력적 요소를 포함한 시위의 과정을 수행하고 마무리하여 다음 시위를 도모하도록 한다. 이런 장치들을 통해 모로코의 고학력실업자시위는 공개적으로 비판할 수 없는 왕권과의 힘겨루기를 상징적인 방식으로 실현하고 있다.
Abstract
Pacific demonstrations considered illegal accentuate their political character. The Moroccan graduated unemployed people’s demonstration is its example. For many years every weeks regularly in criticizing government’s politics on unemployment and education, their demonstration assembles different political tendencies. Their demand for posts of public administrator can be understood as a technical encouragement for demonstration participation, but it doesn’t explain wholly the reason why this revolt can be continued for longtime. So, this article observes specifically two cultural elements, which create common experiences of demonstration. The one is a reversion of street from familiar space to resistance space. On this interpretation, unemployed people’s demonstrations on the Mohamed V boulevard is non only as a job demand but also as a political resistance. The other one is its ritual side constructed through several steps of demonstration. It permits participants to do, to terminate and to repeat demonstration. Through these devices, the demonstration of the young realizes a symbolic critic to the king power in Morocco where it is prohibited.
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