关于“替”的类词缀化及“X替”的语义类型的考察
An investigation on the quasi-affixification of “Ti”and the semantic type of “XTi”
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自2022年起，“嘴替”一词风靡互联网，不同于先前影视圈中的“嘴替”，“嘴替”的意义已从“代替原来的演员表演吃饭之人”发展为如今的“代替互联网网友的嘴表达心声的人”，具有了褒义，本文认为“替”已经开始向类词缀虚化。基于这一现象，本文首先对“替”的本义进行了考察，梳理出“替”从本义“废弃”演变到“代替”义的整个过程，“替”在南北朝时期开始出现“代替”义，隋至初唐时用例逐渐增多，唐以后开始盛行，并于初唐时就出现了“替”指称“用来代替的人或物”的用法。第三章从词义的虚化、定位性、能产性三个方面对类词缀“替”的特点进行了总结和分析。首先，整理了“替”从“代替”义向“用以代替的人或物”演变的过程，虚化出具有“高质量、高代替性的人或物”的意义。其次，根据收集到的词语可知，类后缀“替”在参与构词时全部位于“X”的后面，具有极强的固定性。最后，“替”具有较强的能产性，会随着社会的发展而类推出更多新的词语。第四章基于现有的语料对“X”的音节、性质、意义以及“X替”的词性、结构和功能进行了分析，“X”多为单音节，可由语素、词和短语充当，以名词为主，主要表示身体部位和技能。“X替”都是名词性的，主要在句中作宾语，在句义中多以受事格的语义类型存在，这与“X替”的词义以及句中的谓词有关，其次是作主语和定语，也可以话题的方式出现。
Abstract
Since 2022, the term “zuiti” has become popular on the Internet. Different from the previous “zuiti” in the film and television circles, the meaning of “zuiti” has developed from “a person who replaces the original actor to perform and eat” to “a person who replaces Internet netizens to express their hearts”, this paper thinks that “ti” has begun to evolve into a quasi-affix. Based on this phenomenon, this paper first investigates the original meaning of “ti” and sorts out the whole process of “ti” from the original meaning of “abandon” to the meaning of “replace”. “ti” began to have the meaning of “replace” during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and its use cases gradually increased from the Sui to the early Tang Dynasty. The third chapter summarizes and analyzes the characteristics of the quasi-affix “ti” from three aspects: virtualization of meaning, fixation of position and productivity. First, sort out the evolution process of “ti” from “replace” to “replacing people or things”, blurring out the meaning of “a high-quality, high-substituting substitute”. Secondly, according to the collected corpus, the quasi-suffix “ti” is all located behind the root “X” when it participates in word formation, which is extremely fixed. Finally, “ti” has strong productivity, and new words will be derived by analogy with the development of society. The fourth chapter analyzes the syllable、character、and meaning of “X” and character、structure、and function of “Xti” based on the existing corpus. “X” is mostly a monosyllable, which can be acted by morphemes、words and phrases, and is mainly a noun, mainly indicating body parts and skills. “Xti” is a noun, mainly used as an object in the sentence, which is related to the meaning of “Xti” and the verb in the sentence, followed by the subject and attributive, and can also appear in the form of a topic.
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