基于语料库调查的类词缀“准”小议
The Corpus-based research of affixoid“准”
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随着网络媒体的发展，“准”在现代汉语中，除了作为构词语素与其他语素结合成词，还作为类词缀以“准X”的形式大量构成新词。 首先，本文在前人研究基础上，通过对五部词典的考察，深入探讨“准”的语素义及其发展。其次，从BCC语料库中抽选包含“准X”的语料共4000条，并采取语料库智能统计与人工分析相结合的方式，共筛选出符合类词缀“准”语义条件的“准X"形式的词语共144例。对这144例“准X”类词进行分类整理，从内部结构关系的角度出发，考察“X”部分的音节构成，语素构成及各语素之间的内部结构关系。并从整体上考察“准X”词的结构、意义及特征，“准X”词语的五个特征：第一，指人的名词性词占优势。第二，多数词口语色彩明显。第三，存在部分与网络新词新语结合构成的词。第四，存在部分与其他类词缀结合构成的词。第五，存在收录于某领域的专业术语。最后，本文分析“准X”族新词的产生、发展动因，具体可分为内部动因和外部动因。内部动因主要是意义的具体性和多样性，以及构词的能产性两个方面，外部动因则有对新事物新思想表达的需求和不同文化间的相互交流两个方面。
Abstract
With the development of networking media, “准”in modern Chinese not only as a morpheme of word formation combined with other morphemes, but also as an affixoid to form a large number of new words in the form of “准X”. Firstly, on the basis of previous studies, this paper explores the morpheme meaning of “准” and its development through the investigation of five dictionaries. Secondly, a total of 4000 “准X” corpuses are selected from BCC corpus, and 144 “准X”words which meet the semantic requirements of “准”affixoid are selected by combining corpus intelligence statistics with manual analysis. This paper classifies 144 “准X”words and investigates the syllable composition, morpheme composition and the internal relations among morphemes in the “X” part. It also examines the structure, meaning and characteristics of the word “准X”as a whole. The word “准X” has five characteristics: Firstly, nouns referring to people are dominant. Secondly, Most words have the nature of spoken language. Thirdly, there are some words combined with network neologisms. Fourthly, there are some words combined with other affixes. Fifth, there are professional terms in a certain field. Finally, this paper analyses the motivation of the emergence and development of “准X”, which can be divided into internal and external motivations. Internal motivation is mainly the concreteness and diversity of meaning, as well as the productivity of word formation. External motivation includes two aspects: the need to express new things and new ideas and the exchange of different cultures.
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