남북한 토씨의 비교 연구

Abstract

As in the case of South Korea, the study of morphology was limited to the word-formation up to 1970s in North Korea. The theory of parts of speech fell within the sphere of morphological studies then, but from the beginning of 1980s, morphology was separated from the theory of parts of speech and that of word-formation. As a result, there are four subfields of the theory of grammar in North Korea: syntax,morphology, the theory of parts of speech, and the study of word-formation. As far as morphological studies are concerned, the focus lies on the study of particles. The particles in North Korea can be best understood to the combined unit of particles and endings in South Korea. This is to say that particles and endings are recognized as a single grammatical category in North Korea, while they are treated as two distinctive grammatical categories. The particles in North Korea can be subdivided into object particles and explanation particles, depending on whether they indicate objectivity or explain it. The particles can be of two types from a different perspective: position particles and insertion particles. In contrast to the latter, the former can indicate the grammatical position of words in a sentence. There are more specific kinds of particles, too, for example, case particles attached to substantives, assistance particles, plural particles, final particles attached to declinable words, connection particles, modifying particles, prescription particles, respect particles, tense particles and aspect particles. There are also changing particles, which are attached to neither substantives nor declinable words.