‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’자 피동문 문법 설명에 대한 재고

Abstract

In this paper, I have reviewed and analyzed the grammatical explanations of ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’ in passive sentences from the existing seven grammar books. I have learned that the currently existing books failed to provide comprehensive interpretation on the grammar of ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’ in passive sentences and my review and analysis revealed several weakness in current explanations, for which alternative and more detailed interpretations were proposed in this paper. The followings are the problems that I found: 1. The lack of mention of ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’ passive sentences. 2. The lack of explanation for the omission of NP2 in the ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’ passive sentences. 3. The lack of explanation about the semantic colors of ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’ passive sentences. 4. The lack of comparisons for the phrases that have the same structure as ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’ passive sentences. I am proposing more detailed and comprehensive explanations in the ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’ passive sentences as follows: ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’ passive sentences structure : NP1+叫/让/给+NP2+VP 他叫雨淋了。(He got wet with rain.) 羊让狼吃了。(A sheep was eaten by a wolf.) 我的自行车给(人)偷了。(My bike was stolen by a thief.) characteristics : ①NP1 is a definite ingredient which may be abbreviated in colloquial dialogue. ②‘叫’, ‘让’ and ‘给’ are all used in colloquial style, but ‘给’ is a little bit more colloquial than ‘叫’, ‘让’. They are, however, replaceable each other as passive marker in the colloquial language. ③‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’ passive sentences have basically negative meanings abut sometimes have a neutral meanings. ④‘给’ is a passive marker originally observed in southern dialects, but it is now also found in northern dialects. ⑤NP2 after ‘叫’ and ‘让’ cannot be omitted. It is grammaticalized from causative verb to passive marker and it should reflect the characteristics of causative sentences which requires NP2. On the other hand, it is possible to omit NP2 after ‘给’ because it is grammaticalized from dative verb meaning of ‘giving’ to passive marker and the dative verb itself can be used without NP2. ⑥ A verb cannot appear alone in VP. Either complement, object or aspect particle must appear with a verb in VP. ‘着’ is not used in general, but it can be used in sentences that indicate a command or request. Auxiliary verbs, adverbs, and time nouns appear before the passive marker. ⑦‘叫’, ‘让’ passive sentences has the same sentence structure as the ‘叫’, ‘让’ causative sentences and it is same that NP2 is the agent of VP. However, the characteristics of the NP1 is different in between passive sentences and causative sentences and the components of VP are also different. ‘给’ passive sentences has the same sentence structure as the ‘给’ prepositional phrases but the agent of VP are different. It is found that the currently existing grammar books provide very limited and vague explanations about ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’ passive sentences, which misleads the student to the ambiguous use of those words. I believe it is necessary to provide explicit and comprehensive interpretation for ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’ passive sentences and it will be an honor if the above discussions could make any contribution to the study of Chinese passive sentences and Chinese language education.