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인류세 시대의 아프리카 토착지식에 관한 재고

Reconsideration on African Indigenous Knowledge in the Anthropocene

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한국아프리카학회 (Korean Association Of African Studies)|2021.12|한국아프리카 학회지 (Journal of the Korean Association of African Studies)|제64권 |pp. 29-64

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참고문헌

키워드

사회ecology자연Africa아프리카인류세생태naturesociety토착 지식The AnthropoceneIndigenous Knowledge
주제분류학제간연구

초록

이 글은 토착 지식에 관한 이론적 논의를 살펴보고, 토착 지식이 인류세 시대의 생태·환경 위기를 극복하는 데 어떤 함의가 있는지를 검토하였다. 인류세는 21세기를 특징짓는 핵심어 중 하나다. 인류세는 인간 행위가 지질학적·환경적 변화의 주요인이 되는 시대다. 인류세의 파국적 현상은 생태론적·존재론적 위기에 대한 비판적 성찰, 그리고 이러한 위기를 타개할 실천적 행동을 촉구하고 있다. 토착 지식에 관한 개념적 정의는 다양하다. 개별 공동체의 존재 조건과 학문적 전통이 다르기 때문이다. 그래서 여러 학문 분야의 연구자들은 각자의 관점에서 토착 지식에 의미를 부여한다. 토착 지식과 서구 지식 간의 상이성은 부정할 수 없다. 하지만 이 두 가지 지식은 유사성을 공유하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 이들을 통합할 필요가 있는 것도 사실이다. 오늘날 우리 인류가 처한 사회·환경 위기의 뿌리는 인간 사회와 자연을 분리한 인간 중심적 세계관이다. 사회와 자연이라는 이분법에 인식론적 토대를 둔 경제 체제는 건강성을 상실할 수밖에 없다. 착취와 약탈에 기반한 자본주의가 더는 지속 가능하지 않은 이유도 바로 이 때문이다. 현재의 생태 위기를 내버려 둔다면 인류는 생존 자체를 계속 위협받을 뿐만 아니라 멀지 않은 장래에 인간 사회는 그 누구도 감당할 수 없는 파국을 맞이할 수도 있다. 아프리카 지역에 관한 몇몇 사례가 명확히 보여주듯이, 토착 지식은 ‘오래된 지혜’ 또는 ‘오래된 미래’라고 할 수 있다. 이러한 사실은 과거와 현재 그리고 미래뿐만 아니라 세상 만물은 서로 연결되어 있음을 다시 한번 환기해준다. 이제 우리는 사회와 자연 또는 인간과 비인간(사물)의 관계를 획일적으로 단정하고 구분하는 사고의 틀을 깨트리고, 자연을 지배의 대상으로 보는 인간 중심적 세계관에서 벗어나야 한다. 이는 인간이 ‘자연의 일부이자 자연에 세 들어 사는 존재’라는 사실을 다시금 지각하는 일이기도 하다. 자본주의적 생산양식에 내재한 모순을 근본적으로 해결하려는 집단적 노력도 마땅히 경주되어야 한다.

Abstract

This paper is aiming to consider theoretical discussions on indigenous knowledge and examine its implications in overcoming the ecological and environmental crisis in the Anthropocene epoch. The Anthropocene is one of key words, which characterize the twenty-first century. It is a period that human behavior is the main factor of geological and environmental changes. Its catastrophic phenomena is urging critical reflections on the ecological and ontological crisis, and further practical action for pulling through it. The conceptual definitions of indigenous knowledge are diverse. This is because both each community’s conditions of existence and academic traditions are different. Hence, scholars in various disciplines give meanings to indigenous knowledge in their own perspectives. It is clear that the differences between indigenous knowledge and western knowledge are cannot be denied. However, it is also true that these two knowledge shares similarities, as well as they are needed to be integrated. Nowadays, the root of the social and environmental crisis is the anthropocentric worldview, which separates human society and nature. The economic system based epistemologically upon the dichotomy of society and nature cannot but loose its soundness. Capitalism grounded on exploitation and plunder is not sustainable any longer because of such a reason. If we leave the current ecological crisis, mankind’s survival itself will continue to be threatened, as well as human society may confront with catastrophe in a near future, which no one can be capable of carrying out. As can be seen from the case studies of some local areas in Africa, indigenous knowledge can be regarded as ancient wisdom or ancient future. Such a fact awakens us once more that past, present and future, as well as all things in the world are interconnected. Now, we should break the frame of thinking, which judge thoughtlessly and distinguish society and nature or humans and non-humans (things), and escape from anthropocentric worldview, which regards nature as the object of control. We have to perceive once more that humans are both part of nature and tenants living in nature. The collective efforts for solving fundamentally contradiction inherent in the capitalist mode of production should be also invested justly.

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