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항공서비스 고객의 가치창출 행동이 행복에 미치는 영향 - 조직사회화의 조절효과를 중심으로 -

The Effect of Customer Value Creation Behavior on Customer Well - being in the Aviation Service Context - The Moderating Role of Organizaitonal Socialization -

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주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 고객의 가치창출 행동과 고객의 행복의 관계에 고객 조직사회화 정도가 어떻게 영향을미치는지를 조사하였다. 항공서비스 산업을 비롯한 전반적인 서비스 경제의 발전에 따라서 고객의 가치창출 행동에 대한 중요성이 계속 강조되고 있다. 고객은 수동적인 구매자가 아니며 능동적인 가치창출자로서의 역할을 수행하고 있다. 또한, 이러한 가치창출 행동은 고객만족을 넘어서 고객의 행복에궁극적으로 기여하는 것으로 문헌에서는 알려주고 있다. 하지만, 기존 연구에서는 이러한 고객의 가치창출 행동이 고객의 행복에 미치는 영향에 어떠한 변수들이 영향을 미치는 지를 조사하지 못하였다. 이러한 조사는 중요성을 가지는데, 항공서비스 관리자들이 고객의 가치창출 행동의 효과를 어떻게 효율적으로 관리할 수 있는지에 대한 중요한 시사점을 제공할 수 있기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는이러한 이론적 배경을 바탕으로 하여 항공 서비스 고객의 조직사회화 이론에 근거하여 식별된 세 가지 변수 즉, 고객능력, 역할 명확성, 목표일치성을 고객의 가치창출행동과 고객행동간의 주효과에 대한 조절변수로 개념화하였다. 본 연구에서 고객의 능력이란 고객이 자신의 가치창출 행동을 새롭게 학습하고 가치창출자로서의 새로운 도전적인 역할을 자신감이 있게 받아들이는 정도로 정의한다. 역할명확성에 대해서는 고객이 가치창출자로서 자신이 수행해야 만하는 업무에 대한 이해의 정도로 정의한다. 서비스 제공자와의 원활한 상호작용은 성공적인 고객가치 창출에 필수적이며 이는 경험을 통해서 획득될 수 있다. 그 결과 고객은 역할명확성이 강화될 수 있다. 마지막으로, 본 연구에서 목표일치성이라는 개념은 고객의 개인적인 목표와 가치가 서비스 제공자의 목표와 가치와 일치하는 정도로 정의하고 있다. 서비스 제공자와의 목표일치성이 높은 고객은 가치창출행동의 유효성을 증대시킬 수 있다. 실증분석을 위해 항공서비스 이용고객을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였으며 응답 자료를 바탕으로partial least square(PLS) 분석을 통해 조절효과를 검증하였다. 자료수집은 인천공항 출국장에 도착한고객들을 대상으로 하였으며 설문조사의 목적을 간략히 설명한 뒤 설문 조사에 참여할 의향을 확인한뒤 설문지를 배포하여 현장에서 설문지를 작성하도록 하였다. 성실한 설문조사 참여를 유도하기 위해서 소정의 상품권을 지급하였다. 총 130부의 설문지를 바탕으로 자료를 분석하였다. 응답자의 인구 통계학적인 특성은 남성이 68%이며 연령대는 30대가 가장 빈도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 여행의 목적과관련해서는 사업목적이 40%로서 관광 목적보다 적은 것으로 나타났다. 분석 결과, 세 가지 변수 모두통계적으로 유의하게 주효과를 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 항공서비스 관리자들에게다음과 같은 실무적 시사점을 제시하고 있다. 먼저, 고객의 가치창출행동의 유효성을 증대시키기 위해서 고객의 능력을 향상시켜야 하며, 이를 위해 자사의 직원과 마찬가지로 고객을 대상으로 한 교육 훈련 활동이 필수적임을 강조하고 있다. 또한 고객의 역할을 명확하게 인식시켜 주기 위해서는 통합적마케팅 커뮤니케이션 활동을 적절히 조정해야 한다. 마지막으로 시장세분화 및 표적화를 통해서 자사의 역량과 목표와 가장 잘 부합하는 고객을 선정하여 고객의 목표 일치성을 극대화해야 한다는 실무적 시사점을 제시하고 있다.

Abstract

This study investigates the moderating role of customer ability, role clarity and goal congruence on the relationship between customer value creation behavior and customer happiness. Especially, chosen moderating variables are based on customer organizational socialization theory. The development of service industries, which include the aviation service, emphasizes the importance of active role of customer. In other words, customers are required to participate at value creation behavior rather than engage at passive buyer behavior. Furthermore, the literature argues that customer value creation behavior contributes to their own happiness, just beyond customer satisfaction. However, the previous research has ignored the investigation of these relationships and more importantly, the role of moderators that relates to this relationship. The investigation on moderators is important because it directly provides managers how to maximize the positive effect of customer value creation behavior on customer happiness. Therefore, the present study focuses on the investigation of the moderating role of customer organizational socialization such as customer ability, role clarity, and goal congruence on the relationship between customer value creation behavior and customer happiness. This study defines customer ability as the extent to which customers accept their role as value creator, although it could be challenging and requires learning new skills as value creators. In addition, this study defines role clarity as the extent to which customers understand their role as value creators. The successful interaction between customers and service providers are key to success for customer value creation. The accumulated experiences with service providers will enable customers to gain enhanced role clarity. Finally, goal congruence is defined as the extent to which customers' role and service provider's role are similar in terms of value creation. The customers who share similar value with service providers are more likely to enhance the effectiveness of customer value creation behavior. The survey was distributed to the customers' of airline passengers and 130 responses were used for partial least square(PLS) data analysis. Participants were approached and asked to whether they have intention to participate at the survey. Those who show interests in the survey were provided the questionnaire and they filled out it on the desk at the airport. To increase the valid responses, the participants were given a gift certificate. In terms of demographic characteristics, the 68% were male and mean age level are 30's, and the purpose of travel is the business (40%), while the leisure is 60%. The findings show that all three moderators significantly moderate the relationship between customer value creation behavior and customer happiness, which support all research hypotheses of this study. The results have several implications for practitioners. First, managers need to train their customers so that customers' ability could be enhanced. Second, managers might want to modify their integrated marketing communication activities so that customers could have role clarity. Finally, managers need to be aware of the importance of fit with their targeted customers.

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