Valerie O. Pang의 배려 중심 다문화교육론
A Theory of Caring-Centered Multicultural Education in Valerie O. Pang
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초록
배려 중심 접근법은 교육에 있어서 사람 중심적이고 문화 중심적인 입장을 취하고 있다. Pang은 배려 중심 다문화교육의 가장 핵심적인 원리는 홀리스틱 관점을 취하는 것이라고 주장한다. 배려 중심 다문화교육에서 교수 활동은 전인(whole person)을 길러내는 것인 동시에 교수 활동은 분리된 기능의 합이 아니라 하나의 종합적인 과정이다. 배려에 중심을 둔 다문화교육 패러다임은 기존의 다문화교육과 다음과 같은 점에서 다르다. ① 배려 패러다임은 공동체와 자아를 위한 배려를 사회ㆍ경제적 정의와 변화를 위한 토대로 설정한다. ② 배려 패러다임은 초점을 교사에서 학습자로 이동시킨다. ③ 배려 패러다임은 문화가 상이한 현실(예: 앎의 양식)을 어떻게 대변하는지를 설명한다. ④ 배려 패러다임은 학습자와 교사의 상호연관성에 기반을 둔다. ⑤ 교수ㆍ학습은 사회적 과정이다. ⑥ 교사와 학생 모두 학습에 대한 책임을 갖고 있다. 배려 중심 다문화교육의 실천은 여섯 가지 차원을 통해 이루어진다. 즉 배려 윤리를 이해하는 것, 편견과 차별을 조사하여 제거하는 것, 문화의 영향을 이해하는 것, 문화적으로 적절한 교수 활동을 활용하는 것, 배려와 정의를 교수 활동 및 학교교육에 통합하는 것, 교실 및 학교 변화를 계획ㆍ실행하는 것이다.
Abstract
The best educational practices are those that acknowledge and nurture every aspect of a student’s being-the physical, emotional, social, cognitive, ethical, and spiritual. If this assumption is right, multicultural education should also be holistic. Based on this assupmtion, this study tried to delve into Pang’s caring-centered multicultural education. Most books and papers that deal with multicultural education fundamentally have great emphasis on the sociopolitical nature of multicultural issues. Unlike most approaches to multicultural education, a caring-centered approach to multicultural education is built upon the importance of building trusting relationships and understanding the sociocultural context of learning. In this regard, a caring-centered multicultural education is holistic. Accoring to Pang, the key principles of caring-centered multicultural education is its holistic perspective. Not only is teaching seen within the development of the whole person, but also teaching is seen as a comprehensive process. Caring-centered multicultural education encourages teachers to address student individual needs within community and cultural contexts. It is not a style of teaching or a specific personality type, but is a philosophical orientation that focuses on relationship building and the importance of the cultural context. It values students and sees learning occurring within a social and cultural context. In caring-centered multicultural education, a teacher has made an ethical commitment to her/himself to create strong lines of communication with her/his students and to affirm the cultural background of students.
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