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민중시위와 시민사회의 성장 -알제리 히라크를 중심으로-

Protest and Growth of Civil Society: Focusing on the case of Algerian Hirak

김은비
한국중동학회 (Korean Association Of Middle East Studies)|2021.02|한국중동학회논총 (Korean Journal of Middle East Studies)|제41권 제3호|pp. 1-32|DOI 10.23015/kames.2021.41.3.001

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코로나19COVID-19시민사회민주화DemocratizationCivil SocietyAlgeria알제리ProtestHirak히라크민중봉기
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초록

알제리의 대규모 반정부 시위인 히라크(국민저항운동)는 2019년 2월 시작된 이래 1년 넘게 계속되고 있다. 히라크는 평화적 수단을 활용하고 다양한 배경의 참가자들을 포용함으로써 더 큰 규모로 발전하여 알제리 시민사회가 정통성과 대표성, 역량을 갖출 수 있도록 하였다. 결국 히라크는 5선을 계획했던 부테플리카 대통령을 물러나게 하는 데 성공했고 알제리의 시민사회를 더욱 성숙시켰다. 시위대를 탄압했던 정부는 2019년 말부터 시작된 COVID19를 계기로 진압을 합리화하려는 움직임을 보였다. 그러나 알제리 시민사회는 이에 굴복하지 않고 그들의 건강을 지키기 위해 자발적으로 내부에서부터 시위를 중단하기로 결정했으며, 온라인으로 지속함으로써 시위의 모멘텀을 유지하고 있다. 또한 정부의 역량이 미치지 않는 곳에 힘을 보태며 더 큰 지지를 얻고 있다. 알제리의 성숙한 시민사회는 향후 알제리 민주화는 물론 정치제도 개혁에도 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 보인다.

Abstract

Hirak (the People's Resistance Movement), a massive anti-government demonstration in Algeria, has been going on for more than two year since it started in February 2019. Hirak developed on a larger scale by utilizing peaceful means and embracing participants from various backgrounds, thereby allowing Algerian civil society to have legitimacy, representation, and capacity. In the end, Hirak succeeded in getting President Bouteflika out of office, who planned for his fifth term, and further matured the civil society of Algeria. The government, which had suppressed protesters, is trying to rationalize the suppression in the wake of the COVID-19 that began in late 2019. But Algeria's civil society has not yielded to this and has decided to voluntarily suspend demonstrations internally to protect their health, and is sustaining the momentum of protests by bringing them online. It is also gaining greater support, adding strength to what is beyond the government's capabilities. Algeria's mature civil society is expected to play an important role in reforming the political system as well as democratizing Algeria in the future.

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