공동마케팅에서 전략적 제휴성과의 핵심선행요인에 관한 연구
A Study on Key Antecedent Factor of Co-Marketing Alliance Performance
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오늘날 기업활동의 여러 가지 중요한 제약조건 중의 하나는 바로 기업활동에 있어서 환경 불확실성의 증대라고 할 수 있다. 정보기술의 발달로 인하여 기술확산 속도가 빨라지고 소비자 욕구가 급변함에 따라 경쟁환경의 불확실성이 가중되어 생존경쟁이 더욱 치열하게 일어나고 있다. 이와 같은 경쟁환경의 변화에 따라 많은 기업들이 위험부담을 줄이고 새로운 기술과 새로운 시장에의 접근성을 높이기 위하여 전략적 제휴를 시도해왔다. 기업간 전략적 제휴는 어느 한 쪽의 부가 상대방의 희생으로 상쇄되는 zero-sum game이 아니라 상호협력을 통해 시너지 효과를 얻는 positive-sum game이라고 할 수 있다(Dodge and Salahuddin 1998). Powell(1990)에 따르면 전략적 제휴는 기업간 연계를 통하여 각 기업들이 독자적으로 활동하는 경우에 비하여 보다 많은 가치를 창출하게 되고, 위험공유, 신기술과 신시장 접근, 사업영역 확장, 공동연구 및 생산을 통한 규모의 경제, 주력분야 이외의 영역과 관련한 지식에의 접근 등을 용이하게 하여 경쟁우위를 강화시켜준다. 또한, 기업들은 여러 가지 형태의 제휴를 통해 제품우위를 통한 경쟁력 강화, 법적 규제 회피, 불확실한 상황과 다변하는 고객욕구에 대한 정보획득의 용이성을 통한 위험 감소, 제품/서비스간의 시너지 형성, 자원제약 극복, 관리의 효율성 확보 등의 편익을 얻을 수 있는 장점이 있다. 특히, 마케팅분야와 관련하여 형성되는 기업간 협력형태인 공동마케팅제휴는 2개 이상의 기업이 독립적으로 대등한 노력과 경영자원을 투입하여 정보공유 등을 통한 경영활동의 효율성제고와 경쟁력 강화를 도모하는 것으로서 환경변화에 민감하게 대응할 수 있는 경영방식이다. 이러한 장점들에도 불구하고 전략적 제휴는 몇 가지 문제점들을 안고 있다. 예컨대, 파트너들이 동반관계를 단지 상대방의 희생을 통해 시장입지를 강화하거나, 상대방의 전문적 기술 등을 무상으로 확보하려는 수단으로 악용하려는 기회주의적인 행동을 할 가능성도 높다. 따라서, 전략적 제휴 목적에 가장 적합한 파트너를 선정하고, 관계형성 이후 상대방의 기회주의적인 행동을 효과적으로 최소화 하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 전략적 제휴에 따르는 이러한 문제점들에도 불구하고 전략적 제휴의 성과제고와 관련된 연구들은 매우 제한적으로 수행되어 왔다. 지금까지의 연구들은 대부분 전략적 제휴를 맺는 동기, 산업별 제휴 특성, 제휴성과에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 단편적으로 다루어왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 전략적 제휴 및 공동마케팅제휴와 관련된 선행연구들을 살펴보고, 제휴관계에서 발생 가능한 문제들을 거래비용이론(transaction cost theory)과 대리인 이론(agency theory) 관점에서 조명하는 데 있다. 보다 구체적으로, 공동마케팅 제휴파트너의 거래실적이나 거래기간, 평판 등과 같은 파트너요인과 관계몰입, 상호이익 추구노력, 기회주의적 행동정도와 같은 요인들이 공동마케팅 제휴성과의 선행요인들로써 어떤 영향력을 갖는지에 대한 구조적인 검증을 하고자 한다.
Abstract
A Study on Key Antecedent Factor of Co-Marketing Alliance PerformanceKim, Young*Bae, Il Hyun***The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of alliance partner factors (transaction information and reputation about alliance partner) on alliance commitment, mutual effort for pursuing revenue, opportunism and alliance performance. In this study, a structural model and several hypotheses were developed regarding the relationships between alliance partner factor(transaction term, transaction records, reputation of alliance partner) and alliance performance that mediated by alliance commitment, mutual effort for pursuing revenue, and opportunism. Based on the collected data, the structural model was analyzed with Lisrel 8.30. And the moderating role of uncertainty of environment was analyzed with moderated regression.The results can be summarized as follows. First, as attractiveness of alliance partner factor increases, alliance commitment and mutual effort for pursuing revenue were increased, and opportunism was decreased. Second, as alliance commitment increases, and as opportunism decreases, the mutual effort for pursuing revenue was increased. Third, as alliance commitment and mutual effort for pursuing revenue increases, and as opportunism decreases, the perceived alliance performance was increased. And uncertainty of environment has a significant moderating effect between alliance partner factor and opportunism, but has not between alliance partner factor and alliance commitment and mutual effort for pursuing revenue.At the end of the paper, managerial implications and future research directions are discussed.
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