패전 후, GHQ의 대일‘폐쇄기관’기초 조사 -한반도 지역의 기업을 중심으로-

Abstract

This study clarified the policy and nature of the designation of closed institutions by analyzing the policy-making process, such as the GHQ's decree of closed institutions, and investigated cases of closed institutions in the Korean Peninsula. Specifically, the cases of the Chosun Trust Co., Ltd. and the Chosun Bank were analyzed among the closed institutions related to overseas activities. The reason for choosing these two institutions is that they are both banks and are closely related to the management of colonial assets. In particular, since the Chosun Bank was not liquidated and became a second company as a Japanese Real Estate Bank, it is also related to post-war handling and war liability issues. One thing to note about the closure process is that the area affected by the closure order is limited to Japan. However, the majority of the headquarters and stores of the colonial institutions were located outside of Japan, so their closures depended on the occupation forces and local circumstances. Since South Korea was also being occupied by the US military in the same way, the closed institution policy had no choice but to follow the US forces entirely. At that time, the goal of the U.S. occupation policy toward Japan changed from “demilitarization” and “democratization” to “economic revitalization” and “independence”. This is called the reverse course, and this process is related to Japan's war reparations. Meanwhile, with the outbreak of the Korean War, expulsion from public office began to be lifted in Japan. Also, most of the closed institutions were lifted before the ratification of the San Francisco Peace Treaty in April 1952. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the documents of the US public archives in order to carry out this research in earnest. In addition, it is necessary to analyze the flow after the liquidation funds and the interaction between the GHQ and the officials of the US military government in South Korea.