民国孔道的理解维度与儒学的发展理路
Understanding Dimensions and Development Approaches of Confucianism in the Republic of China
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民国时期是儒学发展的关键时期。科举废止，经学解体，使得知识分子对传统儒学的理解产生了较大的分歧。民国时期理解孔道出现了四种维度：孔道即孔教；孔道即孔经；孔道即为纲常名教；孔道即孔家生活。“孔道”即孔教，一方面将孔道提升到宗教的高度，另一方面，重新建立儒学在下层社会的认可基础和认可机制，维护儒学的社会根基。孔道即孔经，体现了儒学传承中的学术化维度。孔子之道即纲常名教的维度是中西文化对峙情况下以“西”观“中”的一种对孔道的解读，是一种对孔道的误读。孔道即孔家生活旨在建立一种传统的孔道式的生活方式。民国时期，对于孔道的不同理解维度，同样彰显出了儒学不同的发展向度，使儒家文化呈现了多元的发展态势，为儒学的现代转换提供了多种途径。民国时期对孔道的不同理解所开创的儒学发展的不同理路，虽然在其后此消彼长，起起伏伏，但这些理路仍然构成今天儒学发展的主流。
Abstract
The Republic of China was a key period of the development of Confucianism. The Imperial Examination was abolished and the discipline of classics disintegrated, so that intellectuals produced different understandings on traditional Confucianism. There were four understanding dimensions: Confucianism is a kind of religion; Confucianism is a kind of classic; Confucianism is a kind of system; Confucianism is a kind of lifestyle. The dimension of religion, on one hand, promoted Confucianism to the height of religion; on the other hand, maintained the social foundation of Confucianism. The dimension of classic reflected an academic style in the inheritance of Confucianism. The dimension of system was a misunderstanding for Confucianism under the context of the culture conflict between China and the west. The dimension of lifestyle aimed at building a traditional Confucian lifestyle. In the period of the Republic of China, these different understanding dimensions of Confucianism provided different approaches for the modern transition of Confucianism. Nowadays, these approaches still constitute the mainstream of Confucian development.
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