조선초기 수성군(守城軍)에 관한 연구

Abstract

Suseong-gun, a local military unit in the early Joseon Period, was established in the sixth year of King Taejo’(1397), and was originally formed as defending army in the southern area with Poonghado. at the stronghold area. According to the “Sejong Sillogjiriji” Suseong-gun was established in the northern of Hamgildo and Pyeongando region of administrative district. Later Suseong-gun was organized into the southern area of administrative district, and in the northern area of stronghold which was newly made. The 10th year of King Sejo(1464), until it was integrated into Jeongbyeong, Suseong-gun contributed much to the defense of the periphery of the early Joseon Dynasty. which was an important part of the military power. In the early Joseon Dynasty, as private soldier was dismissed, It seems like that a small number of soldiers who were Siwipae(soldier who were in the military service obligatorily), was transferred into Suseong-gun, while the conscription system was being reorganized. The farmers, who are ordinary, seem to have been entered military service of Suseong-gun and they ware slightly lower level of the family living and physical strength. During the Joseon Dynasty, after the people finish the military service, they were given degree of official rank or were given public service position. However, Suseong-gun did not have such system, and was allowed to enter the superior level of army which were known as Gapsa. Suseong-gun served under the traditional military service system, which was the service method of the different forces during the Joseon Dynasty, and served two or three times a year depending on the region and according to the individual situation. When the number of military service required to be adjusted in the time of famine emergency period, the local government, and the Ministry of War suggested and approved by king. Although Suseong-gun was assigned to perform defending missions in the periphery area, it was believed to have performed maintaining the boundary area and security of fortification, and duty officer of the administrative organization. In case of emergency, they were sent on combat missions. During peacetime, they controlled the castle and stone barrage, and in case of emergency, they carried out the duties of going forward, checking and defending strong point. and they also carried out a task of cultivating a farm which was belonging to the military troops and belonging to administrative organization to support each organization. During the 20th year of King Sejong’s reign (1438), they were engaged in driving horse when checking and inspecting the military horse by the order of highest government officer. Suseong-gun did not have a training system to train themselves separately, and battle formation training was carried out on January 22 and November 22 to avoid farming season from the third year of the King Sejong's reign (1421). Then, it delegated battle formation training to the head of the regional commander and forbidden not to be gathered in one place. Suseong-gun's command system was activated within the framework of local command systems. The higher command system of the Suseong-gun which were belonging to the Yeong and Jin was carried out by Dojeoljesa and Bungmachemjeoljesa, and the administrative district in the northern region was probably commanded by the leader of the administrative district. Prior to the formation of the Jinggwan system, the Suseong-gun was organized into middle wing, so led by the commander of middle wing Bungmajeoljesa, and after the Jinggwan system was organized, Suseong-gun was controlled in the Jinggwan command system. Suseong-gun was mobilized like other specialties and branch of arms to punish Dama island and Wild Jurchens in the north, At this time, a separate command line was formed and sent down from the central government and was controlled as part of the local army under such a command chain.