인도 고아(Goa)의 힌두 사원과 문화적 정체성에 관하여: 포르투갈의 강제개종과 힌두 신격(신상)의 이주

Abstract

This study is focused upon the Hindu temples and the cultural identity of Goan people. As the capital of the Estado da India, the Portuguese colonial empire in Asia and East Africa, Goa was subjected to the polices designed at once to transform the religious life of the folks. To force their Goan subjects to total conversion to Catholicism, the Portuguese created polices that had a dramatic impact on Goan culture and identity. The Hindus who fled Portuguese control often gave up access to their hereditary rights to basic resources in order to escape to orbit of Portuguese control. Hindu resistance to Portuguese hegemony represents a bold challenge to colonial state authority in the battle for control of master symbols, in here Mangesh and Shantadurga deities. For Hindus who fled the Portuguese and were scattered throughout Western India, Hindu temples became the symbols of their ties to villages under Portuguese jurisdiction in the old conquest areas of Goa. It created a diaspora culture. The most visible symbols, the temples just outside the area of Portuguese control, still draw thousands to the numerous festivals. In these festival, in here Shantadurga festivals, many remarkably explicit, celebrate the vibrancy of the Hindu religion in the face of Portuguese attempts to stamp out. Goan Hindus sacrificed their livelihoods and their lives while challenging the rules and defying the decrees of the colonial authorities. Contemporary religious festivals provide a window into the past and illustrate the way that Hinduism has embodied the collective memory of the contesting of Portuguese power.