영국의 인도인 힌두 디아스포라의 관광소비와 문화적 정체성- BAPS 사원의 인도인 힌두 디아스포라의 모국방문현황을 중심으로 -
Tourism Consumption and Cultural Identity of the Indian Hindu Diaspora in Britain : Focussed on the Patterns of Traveling to India among the Indian Hindu Diaspora of BAPS in Britain
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
이 논문은 신 디아스포라에 해당하는 영국의 인도인들의 관광소비경향, 특히 모국방문 현황에 대한 조사를 바탕으로 이들에게 있어서 모국방문의 의미를 추적하고자 한다. 인도인 디아스포라들은 자신들의 기원사회인 인도 모국을 통과해서 새로운 국가에 이르기까지 인종적ㆍ국가적ㆍ문화적ㆍ정치적으로 이중적 혹은 다중적 정체성을 불안정하게 형성ㆍ유지해가고 있으며 그러한 과정과 결과가 모국방문소비에 반영되었을 것이다. 특히 디아스포라의 존재조건과 공통적인 경험, 영국에서의 구체적인 삶의 상황, 개인의 사회경제적 배경 등이 인도인의 관광소비에 중요한 영향을 미쳤을 것으로 생각된다. 영국의 인도인 디아스포라는 모국에서부터 이미 중산층 정도의 교육과 기술수준을 보유하였고 보다 더 나은 경제적 기회를 얻기 위해 자발적으로 이주함으로써 경제적 영역에서는 성공적으로 통합되어 갔다. 그러나 여전히 잔존해 있는 차별과 소외 속에서 주류사회에 섣불리 문화적으로 통합되기 보다는 그들 종족의 유대를 강화하고 그들 고유의 문화를 유지하는 것이 그들에게는 최선의 생존전략이었던 것으로 보이며 이러한 태도는 모국방문의 행위와 의미에도 내포되어 있다. 그러나 인도인이 영국에서 겪는 일반적인 경험뿐만 아니라 그들의 개인적 특성, 즉 연령, 직업, 수입, 교육수준 등에 따라 모국방문의 동기 및 목적, 모국방문의 횟수 등에서 다양한 차이를 드러냈다.
Abstract
This paper examines how return trips to India are perceived by Indian migrants reside in England and explores the relationships between Indian diaspora and their consumption patterns during travel with particular reference to return visits to India. A framework is proposed to explain these relationships, highlighting the role of such cultural factors as religion, family structure, kinship and marriage, the background of immigrant, and the condition of Indians living in England. My viewpoint is that return trips to India prompt participants to consider issues of cultural identity, rootlessness and belonging and as well as about the relationships between past and present. Some of the cultural issues examined in this paper apply only to Indian diaspora in England, whilst others may have broader applicability to the travel consumption patterns of migrant communities in general.
참고문헌 (47)
- "Multiculturalism and British Identity in the Wake of the Rushdie Affair", pp.455~480 (1990)
- "Outsiders as Insiders The Phenomenon of Sandwich Culture", 38, pp.23~42 (1989)
- "The Emergence of Desh Pardesh Desh Pardesh -The South Asian Presence in Britain- Publishing Corporation〔A Division of BRPC" (1994), LTD
- "The South Asian presence in Britain and its transnational connections" (2003), London: Routledge
- "A River of Gold, IDB America online" (2001)
- "Nation, Migration, Globalization: Points of Contention in Diaspora Studies" (2003), Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
- "Migrations and Minorities in Europe -Perspectives for the 1990s Racism and Migration in Western Europe", Berg Publishers
- "Global Diasporas" (1997), London:UCL Press Ltd
- "Migration and Integration in the Australian context" (1980), The University of Melbourne
- "Ethnicity in the 1991 census, Vol. Ⅰ, Demographic Characteristics of the Ethnic Minority Populations" (1996), London: HMSO
- "Racial Discrimination in England" (1968)
- "Indian Immigrants in Britain" (1963), Oxford University Press
- "Beyond the Lighthouse" (1992), Latin American Bureau
- "Diaspora interest in homeland investment", 30(3) (1999)
- "The Black Atlantic:Modernity and Double Conscious" (1993), Verso
- "The United States and the Dominican Republic toward the year 2000: marginality, unilateralism or cooperation?" (1996), New York: Bildner Center for Western Hemisphere Studies.
- "The Shree Krishna Tample and the Gujarati Hindu community in Coventry Hinduism in England" (1981)
- "What is ethnic tourism? An Australian perspective" (1994)
- "A Report on Hinduism in Britain" (1984), Macmillan Publishers Ltd
- "Religion and Identity and the study of ethnic minority religions in Britain Australian Association for the Study of Religions" (1986)
- "Experiences in the Caribbean" (1991), Westview Press
- "The new European Diasporas: National Minorities and conflict in Eastern Europe" (2000), Washington: Council on Foreign Relations Press
- "Migrant homecomings: Viet Kieu attitudes towards travelling back to Vietnam", 1(1), pp.349~361 (1998)
- "Migrants and their overseas travel: A psychographic segmentation of Australia's Vietnamese community", 3(1), pp.9~18 (1999)
- "Social policies for the integration of immigrants in The Changing Course of International Migration" (1993), OECD
- "Theorizing Diaspora: Perspectives on ＂Classical＂ and ＂Contemporary＂ Diaspora＂", 42(2), pp.41~60 (2004)
- "A Study of Sparkbrook" (1967), Oxford University Press
- "The Concept of a Multi-Cultural Society", pp.218~229 (1987)
- "Diasporas in modern societies myths of homeland and return", pp.83~99 (1991)
- "＂Perspectives on Indians Abroad＂ The Indian Diaspora : Dynamics of Migration" (2004), London: Sage Publications.
- "Racial Disadvantage in Britain" (1977)
- "The impact of immigration policy on race relation, Race Relations in Britain a developing agenda" (1998), London: Routledge.
- "Three meaning of 'Diaspora" (2000), London: Routledge
- "Returning, Remitting, Reshaping: Non-Resident Indians and the Transformation of Society and Space in Punjab, India" (2001), Working Paper Series
- "Racism and Migration in Western Europe" (1993), Berg Publishers
- "http:", contents.htm
- "http:"[DOI]
- "http:", cci, pp.nugget
- "http:", Ethnicity & Identity
- "http:", Household size
- "Number of nights and length of stay by country of residence"
- "Travel Trends" (2004), London: The Stationery Office
- "www.southall-punjabi.com", uk_asianpop_groupings.html, ~
- "gov", Overseas residents' visits and spending abroad by purpose of visit 1984 to 2004, ~
- "gov", UK residents' visits and spending abroad by purpose of visit 1984 to 2004, ~
- "www.statistics.gov.uk", survey, ~
- "Research on Immigration in the Metropolis of personal incomes Inland Revenue"