남아공에서의 식민주의, 힌두교 그리고 인도종족성의 구조화
Colonialism, Hinduism and the Structuralization of Indian Ethnicity in South Africa
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Abstract
While South African Indians began their life in the colony on the lowest strata of the social and occupational hierarchy, they are today the most economically advanced of South Africa's three former disenfranchised communities. Indians are rarely able to penetrate the social and cultural boundaries of other South Africans and interaction remains largely restricted to economic and political necessities and to levels of formal socialization. This is substantially due to the system of apartheid which enforced legal separation of the ethnics, but it is also due in part to the human tendency to live voluntarily in ethnic enclaves. Anti-Indian sentiments rose to the prosperity of Indians since the late 19th century. Anti-Indian laws began to be made and anti-Indianism had become firmly established at the turn of the century and the theme took on hysterical proportions during economic slumps and elections. Active group resistance of Indians against such treatment started to be organized in the circle of Hinduism. The Indian response to discrimination, though generally based on a common formula was modified each time by the mood of the government in power, the mood of the Indian people and the calibre of Indian leadership. Indian kinsmen often live near each other, affairs of neighbours arouse gossip that controls the moral standards of the whole area. Temples and schools are subscribed by local donations and become local and public meeting places. It was in this way that the spirit of ethnical unity occupied the mind of so many Indians. The most crucial factor to formulate Indian ethnicity in the beginning of Indian history in South Africa was the colonialism and the political and social atmosphere, the so-called ‘sandwich’ between the White and the Black.
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