빠딴잘리의 사마르타흐니까

Abstract

Samaratha is a concept introduced in sūtra 2.1.1 of Pāṇini’s Aṣṭādhyāyī as a semantic condition applied to related words in word formation process. In the Samarthāhnika, Patañjali introduces the concept of samartha, explains the purpose of sūtra 2.1.1, and then validates its utility by applying the samartha condition to the relevant rules. The word samartha means 'connected in meaning' or 'having the same meaning' and is interpreted in two meanings: ekārthībhāva ‘emergence of single integrated meaning’ and vyapekśābhāva ‘meaning-interdependence’, Meaning-interdependence exists in groups of uncompounded words, while single integrated meaning exists in the integrated forms like a compound. Sūtra 2.1.1 as a paribhāṣā-rule applies to padavidhi ‘word formation rules’. Padavidhi includes compound rules and case-affix rules, etc. The main purpose of this sutra is to apply the samartha condition to the rules of word derivation such as compound rules. The samartha condition acts as a key factor in determining the components of a compound word at each stage of the synthesis. The concept of samartha is also necessary for rules that deal with words in sentences, such as case-affix rules, stress rules, etc. In other words, sūtra 2.1.1 can be said the metarule that applies to all the processes of the Panini grammar that generate sentences through word derivation and inflection. In this sense, samartha, representing semantic connection between two words, can be considered very close to the terms like syntactic relation or immediate syntactic relationship, as interpreted by Sharma(1995) and Mahavir(1984). In conclusion, Samarthāhnika shows that the semantic connection between components is a fundamental cause of word and sentence generation and therefore a prerequisite.