鍾嶸詩品에 나타난 陶潛 詩評의 淵源 考

Abstract

A Study of Comments on the Tao Qian(陶潛) Poems in the Shi Pin(詩品) Moon, Seung-yong Tao Qian(陶潛, 365-427)is generally considered a hidden poet and a pastoral poet, is famous for flat and natural(平淡自然) poems. He was a native of Chaisang(柴桑). The Tao's family belonged to the Xi(溪) minority of the southern part. His great-grandfather, Tao Kan(陶侃) was the illustrious statesman and general. At first his family was very poor, and was low in rank of government organ. Because of his diligence and frugality, rose to a higher position(大司馬). But His house declined rapidly, and he was born into a poor. The Eastern Jin Dynasty(東晉, 317-420) came over the southern part, therefore was hard to rise to a higher position in the government organ. To make matters worse, the change of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Liu Song Dynasty(劉宋, 420-479) made him lead a chaste life, and hide himself from society. Zhong Rong(鍾嶸)'s ShinPin(詩品) assigned Tao Qian in the mlddle rank, named as the first hidden poet, and defined his poem's origin was Ying Ju(應 ) and Zuo Si(左思)'s style. This paper aimed at making an analysis of Zhong Rong's comments and making his pastoral poet's character clear. In fact, he had intense aspirations toward political activities, but he was a minority nationality of the southern part and rendered devoted service to his previous country, the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The Confucian Analects said, "when right principles of government prevail in the kingdom, he will show himself; when they are prostrated, he will keep concealed." Like this, Tao Qian remained faithful to his allegiance and retired from the world. But he was concered about his time, society and people. These were reflected in his poems, 'Drinking Wine(飮酒)', 'Drinking Alone in the Rainy Season(連雨獨飮)', 'A poem on Jing Ke(詠荊軻)', 'Poems on poor scholar(詠貧士)' 'Poems modelled after the ancients(擬古)' etc.