루쉰(魯迅) 연설문의 ‘논거(arguments)’ 찾기- 가능성(possibility) · 비교(comparison)의 논거를 중심으로
Finding 'arguments' in Lu Xun's speeches
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초록
본고는 수사학에서 제시하고 있는 ‘말터’의 분류를 통해, 루쉰(魯迅, 1881∼1936)이 연설문에서 어떠한 ‘논거’를 사용하여 사상적 내용(본질)을 전달하고 있는지 살펴보고자 한다. 이때 ‘논거’는 청중을 설득하는 중요한 요소가 되며 연설가 루쉰(魯迅,)을 탐구하는데 중요한 단서가 될 수 있다
Abstract
In this research, basing on rhetorical methods, we sort out topoi and arguments about 'possibility', 'comparison' in the topoi from samples of Lu Xun's speeches, and we study rhetorical significance therein. One's personal values are built during one's lifetime. For Lu Xun, his personal values consist in 'Li Ren' ('establishing an individual'). The thought of Li Ren, taking shape in 1907, is the core of Lu Xun's thoughts and signifies 'whatever the circumstance is, one shall establish oneself'. Throughout Lu Xun's literary works, we can see that this is the essence of his thoughts and is also important for us living in modern times. For audience of Lu Xun's speeches, the significance of 'Li Ren' also consists in the fact that it is not only an idea appearing in the literature, but also something that one should put into practice. Besides these significances of the core of Lu Xun's thoughts, from a rhetorical point of view, certain elements arising from rhetorical methods are equally important, because methodologically they are the key to reveal his essential thoughts. These elements include non-linguistic ones such as 'evidence', 'proof', 'rhetoric', 'voice' and 'action'. They also provide legitimacy when we reveal the essential thoughts. Moreover, topoi such as 'possibility', 'comparison' are used in order to convey information about 'directionality' of 'Li Ren' to the the audience. First, In speeches of Lu Xun, arguments of possibility are supported by 'expectations' for the future, and they carry characteristics of arguments that the audience can imagine. Topoi of 'possibility' are also used when the directionality of 'Li Ren' is explained. Secondly, topoi of 'comparison' is used as well in explaining the directionality of 'Li Ren'. Comparison arguments consist in choosing an option among equal objects. They are used in order to improve Chinese people's consciousness of the situation at the time and to let them pick a direction to go. Chinese at the time show us several occasions where 'Li Ren' should be accomplished. Through comparison, the thought of Li Ren is further emphasized. These topoi, namely, 'possibility', 'comparison' are all used in Lu Xun's speeches as arguments for urging Chinese people towards Li Ren.
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