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회복환경관점에서 인지감각차원(PSDs) 개념의 도시숲 적용 가능성에 대한 연구

Concept of Perceived Sensory Dimensions (PSDs) and It’s Applicability to Urban Forests in Korea: From the Perspective of Restorative Environments

이정희|손용훈|장윤선
한국산림휴양복지학회 (Korean Institute of Forest Recreation and Welfare)|2020.12|한국산림휴양학회지 (The Journal of Korean institute of Forest Recreation)|제24권 제4호|pp. 57-70|DOI 10.34272/forest.2020.24.4.005

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참고문헌

키워드

건강증진실증적empirical회복환경심리적 회복감Psychological restorativenessrestorative environmentSET이론health-promotingSET(Supportive Environment Theory)

초록

건강증진 목적의 도시숲 이용 수요가 증가하고 관심이 증대되면서 도시숲의 역할이 중요해지고있으며 회복환경 관점에서 도시숲에 대한 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 인지감각차원(PSDs:Perceived Sensory Dimensions)은 지지환경이론(SET:Supportive Environment Theory)을 근간으로 하여도시숲 이용자에게 회복환경으로서 인식되는특성으로 ‘Social, Prospect, Rich in species, Serene, Culture, Space, Nature, Refuge’ 8가지로 구성된다. 본 연구는 최근국외에서 활발하게 논의되고있는 PSDs의 개념을 이론·응용적 관점, 실증적 관점, 조성적 관점에서 고찰하고 국내 도시숲의 적용방향을 탐색해보는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 1980년대 후반부터 2020년 현재까지 출간된 국외학위논문 및 학술지를 검토하여 총 37건을 수집 및 분석하였다. 첫째, 이론·응용적 관점에서 살펴본 결과, PSDs는3세대에 걸쳐 도입되었으며 전체 연구 중 실증적 연구의 비율이 가장 높고 최근 활발히 이루어지고 있는 것으로나타났다. 또한 PSDs 연구를 활용하여 이론적으로 다양하게 응용되는 것을 확인하였다. 둘째, 실증적 연구를 살펴본 결과, 다양한 국가에서 실증연구가 설문조사 중심으로 수행되고 있었다. 최적의 회복환경으로는 PSDs 8가지 요소 중 ‘Serene’과 ‘Nature’가 공통적으로 도출되었으며 이외 다른 요소에 대해서는 서로 다른 결과를 보이는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 PSDs는 단일요소로서 인지되기보다는 복합적으로 결합되어 회복환경으로 인식되는 패턴을 보였다. 셋째, 조성적 관점에서의 연구를 분석한 결과, PSDs를 활용하여 조성된 사례들은 목적에 맞게 이용되고있으며 이용객의 건강증진에 긍정적 영향을 주는 것으로 평가되는 등 PSDs가 건강 환경 조성에 유용한 요소로 검증되었다. 또한 현장에서 PSDs가 구현될 수 있도록 도구를 개발하는 등 PSDs를 적극적으로 활용하는 것을 확인할수 있었다. 종합해보면, 현재 PSDs를 기반으로 실증적 연구와 이를 공간에 적용하는 연구 단계로 전개되고 있다. 국내 도시숲에 PSDs를 적용하기 위해서는 PSDs의 연구 결과를 분석함에 있어 각 대상지의 맥락과 환경의 이해, 이용특성 분석, 국가별 연구결과에 대한 비교 등이 후속적으로 진행될 필요가 있으며 이를 위해서는 양적 연구와 더불어 질적 연구 등 다양한 방법론이 수행되어야할 필요가 있다. 또한 PSDs 8가지 요소를 단일 요소적 측면에서 접근하기보다 다차원적 관점에서 접근의 필요성이 제기된다. 국내에서도 PSDs의 추상적 개념을 국내 실정에 맞게구체화하고 실무에서 활용될 수 있도록 가이드라인 작성 등이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 회복환경으로서도시숲에 대한 관심이 고조되는 상황에서 최근 국외에서 활발하게 논의되고 있는 PSDs의 개념을 고찰하고 도시숲 조성을 위해 PSDs 연구가 앞으로 어떤 방향으로 나아가야할 지 국내에서의 적용방향과 과제를 도출했다는 데의의가 있다. 향후 PSDs에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어진다면 축적된 연구결과를 중심으로 보다 심도있는 이론적고찰이 이루어질 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

Abstract

Recently, the role of urban forests has become important as demand for urban forests for health promotion purposes has increased. Thus, the importance of urban forests has been emphasized as a “restorative environment”. Based on the SET (Supportive Environment Theory), eight factors (eg. serene nature, rich in species, space, prospect, refuge, social and culture) that are perceived as restorative environments by visitors of urban forests have recently been defined as PSDs (Perceived Sensory Dimension). The purpose of this study is to understand the concept of PSDs, which has recently been actively discussed in the overseas countries from theoretical & application perspective, empirical perspective and design perspective. It also explores its applicability to urban forest in Korea. For this, 37 research journals and dissertation thesis published from the late 1980s to the present 2020 were analyzed. First, from the theoretical and application perspective, PSDs were introduced over three generations and showed that the proportion of empirical research was the highest among all studies and was being actively conducted recently. The PSDs study was also used to identify a variety of theoretical applications. Second, as a result of examining empirical studies, they were conducted mainly in surveys in various countries. Among the eight elements of PSDs, ‘Seene’ and ‘Nature’ were commonly derived, and other factors showed different results. In addition, PSDs showed a pattern of being combined and perceived as a restorative environment rather than being recognized as a single factor. Third, as a result of analyzing the research from a design perspective, PSDs have been verified as useful tools for creating a healthy environment, with cases designed using PSDs to suit the purpose and evaluated to have a positive effect on the health promotion of users. It was also confirmed that PSDs were actively used on-site, such as developing tools to enable them to be implemented. In sum, it is currently being developed into empirical research and design research phase that apply PSDs to space. In order to apply PSDs to domestic urban forests, understanding the context and environment of each site, analysis of use characteristics, and comparison of national research results need to be carried out in order to analyze PSDs’ research results. In order to this, various methodologies such as quantitative research and qualitative research need to be carried out. There is also a need for a multidimensional approach to PSDs rather than a single elemental approach to the eight elements. In Korea, it is believed that it is necessary to draw up guidelines so that the abstract concept of PSDs can be embodied in the domestic situation and used in practice. This study is significant that it considered the concept of PSDs, which has been actively discussed abroad recently, and drew up application directions and tasks in Korea at a time when interest in urban forests is rising as a restorative environment. However, if the research on PSDs is actively carried out in the future, it is believed that more in-depth theoretical consideration can be made around the accumulated research results.

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