社会语言学视角下新冠疫情时代的汉语新词语产生因素分析
Analysis of the Factors That Generate New Chinese Words in the Era of COVID-19 from the Perspective of Sociolinguistics
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社会语言学(Sociolinguistic)是一门由社会学和语言学组成的交叉学科，社会语言学的研究方向大体可以分为两类，一类是从社会解释语言，另一类从语言解释社会 游汝杰, 『什么是社会语言学』, 上海, 上海外语教育出版社, 2014, 1页 。随着社会的发展，无时无刻都在有新生事物诞生，产生了新事物自然需要使用语言来进行描述，进而新生出大量的新词语。语言不仅仅是文化的载体，语言中的词汇也在映射着我们的社会，新词语的产生会受到社会的多方面影响。因此，新词语一直是社会语言学家们研究的热门话题。 根据新冠疫情汉语新词语产生的五大社会因素，以及梳理了新冠疫情发展至现在的各个时期所产生的新词语后，对于新冠疫情汉语新词语的发展趋势做出了以下展望：1. 政策制度和人民生活两个社会因素所产生的疫情新词语的产出将会非常有限；2. 医学医疗这一社会因素所产生的疫情新词语在未来一段时间，直至疫情结束都会不间断地产出，并且主要集中在新冠病毒变异毒株的命名；3. 科学技术和时事热点这两个社会因素不止在新冠疫情期间，在以往不同的时期也都作为新词语产生的主要社会因素，因此从理论上来讲这两类新词语也将会一直产出，但具体的产出数量我们无法进行准确的预测，还有待于时间的验证。
Abstract
New words are not only a mirror of the society, but also the focus and hot spot of sociolinguists. It has been more than two years since the global public health outbreak of COVID-19 started in Wuhan, China, in mid-to-late December 2019. During this period, a large number of new words related to COVID-19 have been generated. Based on the perspective of sociolinguistics, this paper analyzes the Chinese new words produced during the COVID-19 epidemic from the social to linguistic directions, and finds out the social factors of the emergence of Chinese new words in the COVID-19 era, which are policy and system, medicine and medical treatment, science and technology, people's life and current affairs hot spots. In addition, based on the social factors of the above five new words, combined with the actual situation of Chinese new words during the COVID-19 epidemic, this paper predicts the generation trend of new words during the COVID-19 epidemic.
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