中国的国有商业银行的经营效率分析-基于Hicks-Moorsteen TFP及Hicks-Moorsteen TFP Index的实证分析
Analysis of the Operational Efficiency of China's State-owned Commercial Banks-An Empirical Analysis Based on Hicks-Moorsteen TFP and Hicks-Moorsteen TFP Index
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초록
本文以中国工商银行、中国农业银行、中国建设银行、中国银行、交通银行五家国有商业银行为研究对象，利用Hicks-Moorsteen全要素生产率及指数，从静态、动态两个方面对五家银行2001-2021年的经营效率进行估计，并根据股改实施阶段、深化阶段两个阶段进行对比分析。研究发现五家国有大型商业银行20年发展效率整体有所改善，主要归功于技术水平改善，国有银行正在逐渐从“拼规模”转向依靠技术进步、拓展业务范围来实现自身发展。实施阶段的经营效率要好于深化阶段，实施阶段技术水平的大幅度提高，深化阶段的综合效率相较于实施阶段有所改善，通过股份制改造，国有商业银行不仅保持着技术水平的优势，通过业务范围的不断扩展以及规模的适当调整，其范围效应和规模效应都得到了改善
Abstract
This paper takes five state-owned commercial banks, namely Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, China Construction Bank, Bank of China and Bank of Communications as research objects. Hicks-Moorsteen TFP and index were used to estimate the operating efficiency of five state-owned commercial banks from 2001 to 2021 from static and dynamic aspects, and compared and analyzed according to the implementation stage and deepening stage of joint-stock reform in China. It is found that the operating efficiency of the five state-owned commercial banks in the past 20 years has been improved, mainly due to the great improvement of the technical efficiency level, and the state-owned banks are gradually turning to rely on technological progress to realize their own development. From the different stages, the operational efficiency of the implementation stage is better than that of the deepening stage because the technical efficiency level of the implementation stage is greatly improved. Further decomposition can also be concluded that the comprehensive efficiency of the deepening stage is better than that of the implementation stage, indicating that the economies of scale and economies of scope of the deepening stage have been improved after the completion of the joint-stock reform. Finally, it can be found that through the joint-stock reform, state-owned commercial banks not only maintain the advantage of technical efficiency level, but also improve the economies of scale and economies of scope through the continuous expansion of business scope and appropriate adjustment of scale.
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