中国境内中资和外资商业银行效率性比较分析
Comparative Analysis of Efficiency between Chinese and Foreign Commercial Banks in China
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초록
2018年中国金融业大幅放宽市场准入的各项政策，极大推动了中国金融市场的开放程度，外资银行在越来越多的领域与中资银行展开了激烈的竞争，外资银行也成为中国金融体系重要组成部分，带给中国银行业机遇的同时，也带来了巨大的冲击和严峻的考验。本文利用DEA模型以14家上市商业银行和7家外资银行2015-2019年的数据为研究对象，把样本银行经营分成吸储阶段和盈利阶段，分别测定了两个不同阶段中资银行和外资银行效率，并进行比较研究。比较结果显示：无论吸储阶段还是盈利阶段，外资银行的技术效率平均值均比中资银行高，且目前外资银行技术效率的提高主要源自规模效率的贡献；最后在银行效率冗余分析中，发现固定资产和管理投入冗余现象较为明显。从研究结果看，当前时期，外资银行技术效率值较高，对中资银行技术效率改善有正向的积极效应，中资银行可以通过降低固定资产及经营管理投入进而提升规模效率；外资银行逐渐适应中国金融行业的政策环境后，纯技术效率会逐步显现，将对中资银行技术效率的提升产生更加有利的推动作用。
Abstract
In 2018, China’s financial industry significantly relaxed various market access policies, which greatly promoted the opening of China’s financial market. Foreign banks have been an important part of Chinese financial system and competed with Chinese banks in more and more areas. In the meantime, foreign banks have brought both opportunities and severe tests for China's banking industry. This paper uses the DEA model to study the data of 14 listed commercial banks and 7 foreign banks from 2015 to 2019, divides the operation of the sample banks into a storage phase and a profit phase, and measures the efficiency of Chinese banks and foreign banks in two different phases, and conduct a comparative study. The comparison results show that the average technical efficiency of foreign banks is higher than that of Chinese banks in both the accumulation stage and the profit stage, and the current increase in technical efficiency of foreign banks is mainly due to the contribution of scale efficiency; finally, in the analysis of bank efficiency redundancy, It is found that the redundancy of fixed assets and management investment is more obvious. From the research results, in the current period, foreign banks have higher technical efficiency values, which have a positive effect on the improvement of Chinese banks’ technical efficiency. Chinese banks can increase scale efficiency by reducing investment in fixed assets and operation and management; foreign banks gradually After adapting to the policy environment of China's financial industry, pure technical efficiency will gradually emerge, which will have a more favorable role in promoting the improvement of technical efficiency of Chinese banks.
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