남중국해와 일본의 해양안보
South China Sea and Japans’s Maritime Security
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この論文は 南シナ海の海洋安保で日本の役割を分析している。この論文は 日本の3次元の政策道具を識別している: 地域の多者主義、政府開発援助(ODA)、日本海上保安庁(JCG)。南シナ海は日本のシーレーンとしても、とても重要な地域であり、この安全保障は日本の安全保障に直結することは明らかだ。これは、2010年に出された防衛大綱でも意識されている。日本にとって深刻な脅威として、中国の南シナ海進出と米の核の傘の信頼性が崩れるということ、この2点を視野に入れ対策と戦略を立てなければならない. 「中国の南シナ海進出の背景に沿岸諸国、特に比、越の海洋能力の著しい不足がある。沿岸諸国全般の貧弱な海空領域認識(AMDA: Air and Maritime Domain Awareness)能力の向上は焦眉の急である。同時に、各国の資源投入が極めて限定されることから、広大な海空領域の情報収集・共有メカニズム構築における日米の役割は極めて大きい。中国は対外戦略の中で米国を対極として意識している。中国は米国の実力を知り,将来の競争を予期するからこそ、「域外国」米国による 「域内問題」である南シナ海問題への干渉を嫌うのである。南シナ海問題を含む中国問題の解決は政治・外交などの非軍事分野を柱とすべきであるが,その活動は防衛・軍事能力によって支えられる。米軍の確実な関与と沿岸国の能力向上があって初めて、中国は 「ようやく」そして 「真剣に」南シナ海問題協議のテーブルに着くであろう。米国および沿岸国を支える意味で、南シナ海問題に係る日本の役割は極めて重大である.
Abstract
This article addresses Japan’s role in maritime security in the South China Sea. It identifies Tokyo’s three main policy tools: regional multilateralism, ODA, and JCG aid to littoral states in the form of equipment and capacity building. Barring a major external shock Tokyo will continue playing a more active but low-key role. Maritime security in the SCS and the Malacca straits has in fact long been a priority for Japanese policy-makers. Nonetheless, for domestic and regional reasons related to Japan’s role in the region up to 1945, Tokyo’s role in SCS maritime security has been low key, if none the less important. Since 1981 Japan has pledged to defend SLOCs up to 1000 miles from Tokyo, a zone that extends to the northern coasts of the Philippines ,but does not include the SCS. Consequently, Japan has relied on the US to help it maintain the security of its SCS SLOCs in the event of a crisis. However, Japan’s role remains restricted by legal and politico historical issues. As two keen observer sexplain,‘‘memories of Japan’s wartime aggression in Asia make the Japanese and the Asians alike extra cautious about expanded Japanese military roles.
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