전후 일본의 원폭 담론과 단카 – 쇼다 시노에『참회』의 원폭 기억과 계승 –

Abstract

This study examines how Tanka Poem was involved in the formation of Atomic bomb memory in Post-war Japanese society and what other voices it evokes. Atomic bomb tanka, including Shoda Shinoe’s Tanka collection Repentance, received attention as ‘national songs’ in the process of forming a national identity as Japan, the world’s only exposed country, along with the spread of the anti-nuclear movement. As documentary literature based on the actual experiences of hibakusha, tankas that recite the horrors were accepted as poetry that highlighted innocent victims in the public atomic bomb discourse. And they created the symbol of a Japanese person who wanted to sublimate that painful experience into peace. However, there were also a number of Tankas that signaled a gap from the state’s official memory. It was rather difficult to find works that directly appealed for peace among tankas created before the anti-nuclear movement. Tanka, which depicts the horrors of the atomic bomb, was also meant to appeal to individual hibakusha the absurdity of their pain, asking “Why must this happen?” and to hope for the restoration of humanity. In Shoda’s collection of Tanka, Repentance, we can see her attitude of restoring the history of the war and the memories of the perpetrators that were forgotten along with the shock of the atomic bomb by turning the question to herself. In short, it can be said that Japan’s Post-war atomic bomb discourse excluded the existential questions of the hibakusha who asked for the cause of the tragedy by putting forward the myth of Japan as the only country exposed to atomic bombs and the ideology of peace, and the self-reflection of the atomic bomb Tanka was not recovered as a part of the people’s memory.