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서구 식민지배 시기 중국인의 동남아 정착을 바라보는 상이한 두 시각

Two Different Perspectives on Chinese in Southeast Asia during the Western Colonial Period

정미경
동남아연구소 (Center for Southeast Asian Studies)|2011.01|동남아연구|제20권 제3호|pp. 265-302|DOI 10.21485/hufsea.2011.20.3.009

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참고문헌

키워드

Southeast Asiacolonial rule and policyethnic ChineseChinese residencyEast India Company
주제분류학제간연구

초록

The relationship between Western powers and ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia changed from their complementary cooperation during the 16th–18th century to mutual exclusion and competition after the19th century when the West colonial rule deepened. As the Western policies in Southeast Asia changed with the industrial revolution and capitalist development as a consequence, the social and economic role of ethnic Chinese in the region also were transformed, despite the fact that both the Western colonizers and Chinese shared the common goal of securing trade routes and natural resources in the outset of their incursion to Southeast Asia. While some existing studies argue for a positive effect of the colonization in the development of local economies, others take the nationalist view of destroying the traditional economic system as well as the national identity by the outsiders. The postures and strategies that ethnic Chinese had kept during the Western colonization provided a clue of significance for a better evaluation of the colonial effects because it was the Chinese who had direct contacts with local people on behalf of the colonial powers. Such Chinese influence in the ex-colonies continued in the post-colonial Southeast Asia due to their settling down in the area. Therefore, a review of the colonial history with the focus on the relationship between the colonial powers and ethnic Chinese is critical for our understanding of Southeast Asian politics and economy today. This study traces the historical relationship back to their initial contacts based on mutual complementation as well as its later transformation to mutual exclusion. Special attentions are paid to the role of ethnic Chinese in the entry of the Western colonial powers and the treatment of the Chinese afterwards by the colonial powers. Most of the study devotes to the description of the history along with a few selective analyses supported by statistical data.

Abstract

The relationship between Western powers and ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia changed from their complementary cooperation during the 16th–18th century to mutual exclusion and competition after the19th century when the West colonial rule deepened. As the Western policies in Southeast Asia changed with the industrial revolution and capitalist development as a consequence, the social and economic role of ethnic Chinese in the region also were transformed, despite the fact that both the Western colonizers and Chinese shared the common goal of securing trade routes and natural resources in the outset of their incursion to Southeast Asia. While some existing studies argue for a positive effect of the colonization in the development of local economies, others take the nationalist view of destroying the traditional economic system as well as the national identity by the outsiders. The postures and strategies that ethnic Chinese had kept during the Western colonization provided a clue of significance for a better evaluation of the colonial effects because it was the Chinese who had direct contacts with local people on behalf of the colonial powers. Such Chinese influence in the ex-colonies continued in the post-colonial Southeast Asia due to their settling down in the area. Therefore, a review of the colonial history with the focus on the relationship between the colonial powers and ethnic Chinese is critical for our understanding of Southeast Asian politics and economy today. This study traces the historical relationship back to their initial contacts based on mutual complementation as well as its later transformation to mutual exclusion. Special attentions are paid to the role of ethnic Chinese in the entry of the Western colonial powers and the treatment of the Chinese afterwards by the colonial powers. Most of the study devotes to the description of the history along with a few selective analyses

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