2-3세기 베트남과 중국간의 불교 교류 연구

Abstract

Currently, Vietnam is the only country in Southeast Asia that believes in Mahayana Buddhism. It is generally accepted that this is the result of the spread of Chinese Mahayana Buddhism to Vietnam during nearly 1,000 years of direct or indirect Chinese domination, unlike other Southeast Asian countries. On the other hand, however, Vietnam is geographically located at an important maritime route between China and India. Therefore, it can be said that the influence of these two countries was great in ancient times, and ancient Vietnam before being ruled by China would have been greatly influenced by India. In the 2nd century B.C. through the promotion and propagation of Buddhism by King Asoka (B.C.272-B.C.232) of the Maurya Dynasty, Buddhism had already spread to Vietnam, apart from the eastward spread of Buddhism through land. In other words, Buddhism was introduced to the Jiaozhi(交趾, present-day Hanoi.) area of Vietnam at the end of the Hou Han Dynasty(後漢) through the maritime passage leading to India-Sri Lanka-Java-Malay Peninsula-Vietnam-South China. This area became an important meeting point between Indian Buddhism and Chinese Confucianism and Taoism. In this paper, before the development of Mahayana Buddhism in Vietnam, the early introduction of Buddhism and representative figures, Mouzi(牟子) and Kang Seng-hui(康僧會), were examined. Through consideration of this topic, it was also confirmed that Buddhism in Vietnam was not unilaterally accepted in China, but rather, the possibility that Buddhism was initially spread to South China through Vietnam. It is hoped that this will be a process that can be newly approached from the perspective of mutual exchange and dissemination of culture by transforming our perspective, which has remained in cultural great powerism for a long time. Of course, there is a significant lack of records currently remaining in this regard, and there are many difficulties in research because the form of Buddhism in Vietnam is Mahayana Buddhism. However, by examining the early propagation process of Buddhism in Vietnam and China through this process, it is expected that it will be able to present a new perspective of North and South cultural exchange beyond cultural exchanges between East and West.