중국 과거제(科擧制)의 베트남으로 전파와 그 영향에 관한 연구

Abstract

Vietnam is the most influenced country by Chinese Confucianism in Southeast Asia. This is because Vietnam was influenced by Chinese culture from the 7th century B.C., when it was the early period of national formation, due to its geographical environment attached to China. In particular, it is largely due to the direct control of China for more than 1,000 years as a subordinate state of China since the reign of Emperor Mu of the Han Dynasty in 111 B.C. Moreover, even after Vietnam gained independence from China in 972, various dynasties established a Chinese-style administrative system and established a legal system, using Confucianism as the basis for governing ideology and morality. And by selecting government officials through the Chinese civil service examination, running the state and ruling the people, Confucianism went through a process of localization, which spread from central to local communities and families. As a result, most Vietnamese today practice family rituals based on the Confucian practice of Confucianism and consider filial piety and support for their parents as the basis for their children. In addition, each school's classrooms are equipped with the philosophy of “Learn etiquette first, then study later.” of Confucianism as their educational philosophy. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the entire process from origin to development and decline in Vietnam by using the Chinese civil service examination implemented in Vietnam as a research topic to enhance understanding of Vietnamese Confucianism. This is because the Chinese civil service examination was introduced from China during the feudal dynasty of Vietnam and has long been implemented as a means of selecting Confucian scholar studying Confucianism as officials, which symbolizes Confucianism in Vietnam. In addition, the past system was implemented in various forms from central to local communities, which is believed to have played a major role in spreading Chinese Confucianism to various parts of Vietnam and transplanting it into Vietnamese culture. Therefore, in Chapter 2, the main body first reviews domestic prior studies on Chinese Confucianism and civil service examination in Vietnam. After that, in Chapter 3, examines the history of Chinese civil service examination, including its introduction and dissemination to Vietnam. In Chapter 4, draws up and outlines the impact of the Chinese civil service examination on Vietnamese society today. In the final conclusion, I will summarize what we have looked at in each chapter, while also trying to derive the characteristics of Vietnam's civil service examination and the characteristics of Vietnamese Confucianism today.