냉전기 동아시아의 '성'관리 정책: 중국과 한국의 '폐창정책' 비교 분석

Abstract

Various discussions around 'prostitution', movements for 'Abolition of prostitution' and an enactment of a law for 'Abolition of prostitution' have taken place in each nation in the East Asia during the Cold-War period. It showed that the important element which formed the social character of each nation after decolonization was physical and ideological control around 'Sexuality'. It could be said that various businesses that developed around 'Abolition of prostitution' in the East Asia provided an important clue to the character of the nation. The 'prostitute conversion project' was developed in China in approximately 1950 and there were various movements for abolition of state-regulated prostitution in Japan and Korea. However the Prostitute Conversion Project of China is evaluated as a 'successful' policy for the eradication of prostitution while, on the other hand, the industrialized prostitution in Korea and Japan have had a rapid development. In this way, policies around prostitution of each nation in the East Asia have a common point in sexuality management and control of modern nation, but they have remarkable differences in the results. The construction for the 'independent' nation of both Korea and China in the cold-war period was formed under the control of the system of the Cold War. In China, the Chinese government boosted nationalism and made a socialistic citizen integration to organize and govern the individual as closely as possible under the control of the system of the Cold War. On the other hand, Korea could not help depending on U.S army as well as U.S. military administration under the control of the system of Cold War. The characters of both nations made in this way had an effect also on the sexuality management policy of both nations. It is thought that such a difference between both nations in the characters controlled a direction of both nations' policy for abolition of licensed prostitution in the Cold-War period. But Chinese 'Policy for Abolition of Licensed Prostitution' which seemed as if it had made 'Success' also raised questions. The policy abolished the licensed prostitution, but it left an insult for prostitutes. Thus, it seems that 'Liberated' prostitutes had to spend their lives with such an insult. In Korea, the Cold-War situation let the Korean government not solve problems on sexuality only with Korean independent policies.