사회과학에 대한 부르디외의 성찰적 과학사회학: 성과와 한계
Bourdieu’s Reflexive Sociology of the Social Sciences: A Critical Assessment
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이 논문은 자연과학이 생산하는 진리와 지적인 권위를 획득하기 위해서 좁게는 사회학, 넓게는 사회과학이 충족시켜야만 하는 제도적 요건을 밝혀내는 데 부르디외의 성찰적 사회학이 얼마나 기여 할 수 있는가를 비판적으로 평가하고 그 한계를 검토하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 사회과학의 자율성이 사회과학의 인식론적, 사회적 권위를 향상시키는 데 매우 중요한 제도적 요건이라는 부르디외의 주장은 사실이지만, 이 글에서 필자는 자연과학이 누리고 있는 인식론적, 사회적 권위를 사회과학도 확보하기 위해서는 부르디외가 주장한 장의 자율성과 장내의 합리적 변증 외에도 충족시켜야만 하는 여러 가지의 다른 제도적 조건들이 존재한다는 것을 밝힐 것이다. 이런 제도적 조건들이 어떤 것인가를 밝힌 후에는 과연 사회과학이 자연과학의 성공에 핵심적인 이런 제도적 조건들을 충족시킬 수 있을 것인가를 비판적으로 검토할 것이다.
Abstract
This article critically examines the degree to which Bourdieu’s sociology of social science can contribute to the elucidation of the institutional requirements for the development of social science as a mature scientific discipline. According to Bourdieu, the autonomy of the social scientific field and the rational dialectic derived from within such autonomous field play indispensable roles in the enhancement of the epistemological and social status of the social sciences. However, as I argue in this article, there are other, no less important institutional requirements that should be met before social science can become a science in the genuine sense of the word. After showing what these institutional requirements are, I shall critically examine whether social science can satisfy these requirements.
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