유전적 강화의 생명윤리와 인격적 자율성:CRISPR-CAS9 기술을 통한 생식세포 유전자 편집의 문제를 중심으로
Genetic Enhancement and Personal Autonomy: Ethical Implications of Germline Genome Editing by CRISPR-CAS9 Technology
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3세대 유전자 가위인 CRISPR-CAS9의 등장으로 생식세포 편집을 통한 유전자 강화가 이제 실행가능한 것의 영역에 들어오게 됨에 따라, 유전적 강화를 윤리적 관점에서 과연 허용해야 하는가라는 물음을 심도있게 따져볼 필요성이 커지고 있다. 본 논문은 유전적 강화를 찬성하는 생명자유주의자와 유전적 강화를 반대하는 보수주의자의 입장을 절충하는 제한주의자의 관점을 전개하여, 허용될 수 있는 형태의 유전적 강화와 그렇지 않은 유전적 강화를 엄밀하게 구분하는 작업을 수행하고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 자유주의 우생학이 허용되어서는 안 되는 이유를 인격적 자율성의 관념에 기초하여 밝혀낼 것이다. 그리고 허용가능한 유전적 강화의 형태로서 국가 주도의 자연적 기본 재화의 분배 모델을 제시할 것이다. 이러한 모델은 인격적 자율성의 증진 및 보호를 목적으로 하며, 이에 따라 유전적 강화를 적정 수준에서 제한하게 된다.
Abstract
With the advent of CRISPR-CAS9, the 3rd generation gene scissors, the question of whether genetic enhancement should be allowed or not from ethical standpoint became more crucial, as genetic enhancement through germline cell editing is now in the realm of what is viable. This paper seeks to develop the view of a restrictive, which reconciles bioliberals and conservatives, by carrying out the work of strictly distinguishing between the permissible genetic enhancement and the impermissible one. To this end, this paper will explicate why liberal eugenics should not be allowed on the basis of the notion of personal autonomy. And as an acceptable form of genetic reinforcement, it will present a state-led distribution model of natural primary goods. These models aim to promote and protect personal autonomy, thereby limiting genetic enhancement at an appropriate level.
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