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화폐이론으로 본 비트코인의 화폐로서의 성장 가능성

Bitcoin and Theories of Money

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주제분류정치외교학

초록

본 논문은 기존의 주요 화폐이론인 상품화폐론과 국정화폐론에 비추어 비트코인이 주요 화폐로 발전할 가능성 여부를 검토한다. 어떤 경로를 통하여 화폐가 사회에서 널리 사용되게 되었는가를 설명하는데 있어 상품화폐론과 국정화폐론은 상반된 견해를 제시한다. 하지만 이들 두 이론 양자 모두 비트코인이 화폐로 사용될 가능성, 특히 교환의 매개 및 가치의 척도로 사용될 가능성에 대하여 회의적인 시각을 내포한다. 비트코인의 내재적 가치 부재 그리고 현재 주로 가치저장의 수단으로 국한된사용은 상품화폐론에서 설명하는 화폐의 출현 과정과 부합하지 않는다. 한편 국정화폐론은 화폐로서의 수요를 적극적으로 창출할 수 있는 영향력 있는 행위자가 부재하다는 비트코인의 결점을 부각시킨다. 따라서 이들 두 이론에 의하면 비트코인이 주요 화폐로 성장할 가능성은 크지 않을 것으로판단된다.

Abstract

This study addresses the question of whether bitcoin can ever ascend to play a role as general “money,” based on insights from two competing theories of money: the commodity theory of money, which offers a market-oriented view, and the state theory of money, which stresses the role of the state in ensuring the wide use of money. It argues that, while the two theories offer conflicting accounts of how money comes to be used in society, neither of them supports bitcoin’s use as money, in particular as either a medium of exchange or a unit of account.

참고문헌 (44)

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