매체의 발전과 독자의 확산- 7월왕정기 프랑스 대중소설을 중심으로
Media Development and the Diffusion of Written Words - Focusing on the French Popular Novel of the July Monarchy
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대중소설의 작가들은 꿈과 욕망, 성공과 파멸 등 모든 것이 가능했던 7월왕정과 제2제정하의 프랑스 사회를 담아냈다. 그리고 당시 등장한 새로운 방식의 인쇄 매체인 신문과 잡지 등의 정기간행물과 저렴한 판본의 서적들이 제공한 대규모 전파의 가능성을 현실로 증명해 냈다. 구텐베르크의 금속활자 발명 이후에도 수공업적인 생산 방식에 머물러있던 출판계는 1830년대에 이르러 완전한 기계화와 산업화에 도달하게 되었고, 소설의 대중적 인기는 매체의 발전과 혁신에 힘입은 것이었다. 당시 새로이 등장한 매체를 통해서 문자는 확산되었고, 작가들은 대중과 접촉하고 수입을 얻을 수 있게 되었다. 그리고 문학의 역사상 처음으로 독자들은 작가들에게 자신들이 원하는 것을 쓰도록 영향력을 발휘하기 시작한 이 시대 등장한 것이 바로 대중소설이었다. 특히 7월왕정기에서 제2제정기에 이르는 기간 문자가 전해주는 허구의 이야기 속에서 자신들의 꿈이 실현되는 것을 사상 최초로 목도한 프랑스의 대중들은 가상과 현실의 경계에서 문자에 열광했다. 프랑스의 대중소설은 문자 확산의 매체로서 문자가 사회 저변으로 침투하는 데 결정적인 역할을 했음을 확인할 수 있었다.
Abstract
The authors of the popular novel depicted French society under the July Monarchy and the Second Empire, where all dreams, desires, successes, and destructions were possible. In addition, the possibility of large-scale diffusion was proven through publication in periodicals like newspapers or magazines, which were new printed media at the time and were widely affordable. The publishing world, which had remained in the manual production system for a long time after Gutenberg developed the first mechanical moveable type printing press, finally reached complete mechanization and industrialization in the 1830s. This development and innovation of media led to the popularity of novels. Newly emerging media at the time helped with the spread of written words, and it also enabled authors to reach more readers and earn greater salaries. Furthermore, the popular novel appeared when readers began to exercise their influence over authors to create the stories they wanted to read for the first time in literary history. As the French public experienced for the first time that their dreams could be realized through written words and fictional stories – in particular, during the July Monarchy and the Second Empire – they were extremely excited about these texts traversing the boundary between imagination and reality. It is certain that the French popular novel, which was a medium for diffusing written words, had a crucial role in spreading written words widely in society.
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