디지털 미디어 시대의 ‘유년기 소멸’ 개념의 재고
Rethinking the ‘Disappearance of Childhood’ in the Digital Media Age
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미디어 생태학자인 닐 포스트만은 ‘유년기childhood’라는 범주의 역사적 등장이 인쇄문화의 발달과 연관되었다고 본다. 이와 함께 인쇄문화 기반 유년기 개념이 텔레비전과 같은 전자 미디어의 등장으로 소멸하고 있다고 주장한다. 이 글은 포스트만의 ‘유년기 소멸’ 이론이 갖는 한계와 통찰력을 탐구해보고, 이것이 디지털 미디어 시대가 갖는 함의를 논의해보고자 한다. 포스트만의 이론은 미디어 형식과 편향성, 정보 체계의 특성, 주체의 사회화 과정, 유년기의 성격 등이 상호 연관되어 있음을 알려준다. 이 글은 디지털 미디어 환경에서 학교 안팎 정보 체계의 시공간적 편향성과 사회화의 조건이 재편되고 유년기 개념 또한 재구성되고 있음을 살펴보았다. 포스트만의 유년기 논의는 유년기 개념을 구성했던 미디어 환경 자체를 주목하게 하고, 더 나아가 미디어 환경의 양가성을 성찰해보게 한다.
Abstract
Media ecologist Neil Postman argues that the historical construction of the “childhood” concept is related to the development of the print press. Along with this, he discusses that childhood is disappearing due to the advent of electronic media such as television. This study attempts to explore the limitations and insights of Postman’s theory of the ‘disappearance of childhood’ and its implications in the digital media age. Postman’s childhood theory draws our attention to the interrelationship between media forms and biases, the nature of information systems, the subject’s socialization process, and the characteristics of childhood. This study examines how spatial and temporal biases of information systems (both in and out of school) and their conditions for socialization are reconstructed in the digital media environment. It further examines how the concept of childhood is changing as a result. Postman’s childhood theory looks at the media environment that has contributed to the concept of childhood and reflects on the ambivalence of the media environment.
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