포스트만의 미디어 생태학적 시각에 관한 고찰
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이 글은 기술에 대한 우리의 태도와 믿음을 성찰해보기 위해 닐 포스트만(Neal Postman, 1931-2003)의 미디어 생태학적 시각을 재조명해보고자 한다. 닐 포스트만은 미국의 교육자, 미디어 이론가, 그리고 사회평론가로서, 1968년 ‘미디어 생태학(media ecology)’이란 용어를 처음 사용했다. 그의 미디어 생태학은 하나의 체계화된 학문적 전통에 기반을 둔 학술 분야라기보다는 언어와 미디어를 환경으로 바라보는 다양한 분야의 학자들을 발견하고 모으며 이들의 시각에 동조하는 노력에서 출발한다. 이 글은 그가 미디어 생태학을 어떻게 개념화하고 접근했는지, 그리고 왜 그의 시각을 반기술주의(Neo-Luddism)나 미디어 결정론이라고 볼 수 없는지를 논의한다. 미디어를 환경과 메타포 개념으로 이해하는 포스트만의 미디어 생태학은 언어, 상징, 서사, 문화적 의미 등을 탈가치화하고 기계의 지성이나 기술의 효율성에 우선 가치를 두는 현재의 기술 사회에 균형주의적이고 인간주의적인 통찰력을 제공한다. 그는 ‘애정 어린 저항운동가’로서 미디어 환경과의 관계에서 우리가 어떠한 문제의식과 행위성을 가질 수 있는지를 성찰해볼 수 있게 해준다.
Abstract
This study revisits Neil Postman's media ecological perspective to reflect upon our attitudes toward and beliefs about technology. Postman was an American educator, media theorist, and public intellectual who first introduced the notion of media ecology in 1968. He tried to identify scholars from various disciplines who were interested in the relationships between language, media, and culture as media ecologists and to address issues in American society through a media ecological perspective. This study discusses how Postman conceptualized media ecology, what kind of approaches he suggested for its research, and why he cannot be regarded as either a Neo-Luddite or a media determinist. His media ecology provides balanced and humanistic insight into our technological society, which tends to devalue human language, symbols, narratives, and cultural meanings and to prioritize machine intelligence and technological efficiency. Postman, as a “loving resistance fighter,” taught us how to reflect upon our relationship with the media environment as well as our agency in that relationship.
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