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미디어는 정말 유아에게 해로운 것인가? : 한국사회의 유아 미디어 담론에 대한 비판적 고찰

Do media really harm young children?: Examining young children and media discourses in Korean cultural contexts

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주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구는 한국사회의 유아와 미디어를 둘러싼 다양한 사회문화적 담론들을 비판적으로 고찰하고 앞으로 유아와 미디어를 어떻게 이해해야 하는지에 대한 방향성을 모색하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 연구자는 국내외 유아와 미디어 관련 문헌들을 수집하고 분석하여 미디어와 유아중심의 다양한 도덕적 공황과 사회문화적 관점들(예: 게임중독, 폭력성, 성 고정관념, 시력저하, 비만, 뇌 발달과 사회성 발달 저해)을 심도깊게 분석하였다. 또한 오랜 시간 형성되어진 ‘순수한 아동기’와 ‘강력한 미디어’라는 사회문화적 개념을 바탕으로 본 연구는 유아와 미디어에 대한 관계를 다각적으로 바라보고, 기존의 유아 미디어 연구들에서 나타나는 미디어 효과 패러다임과 이분법적 담론의 한계를 논의하였다. 이를 통해 본 연구는 기존의 고정되고 양극화된 미디어에 대한 제한적 관념에서 벗어나 보다 새롭고 열린 시각으로 한국사회의 유아와 미디어, 놀이, 학습문화를 이해해야 한다고 주장한다. 이러한 시도는 4차 산업혁명과 코로나19 이후 한국사회의 유아와 미디어에 대한 관점이 역동적으로 변화되는 현 시점에 유아와 미디어를 보다새로운 관점에서 이해하고 바라본다는 점에서 의미가 있을 것이다.

Abstract

Based on the strict and conservative cultures toward young children’s media in Korean cultural contexts, this study critically examined social and cultural discourses about children and media that many parents, teachers, and researchers take for granted. The study collected and deeply reviewed a wide range of literature about children and media in detail. As a result, this study challenged the ‘notion of children as innocent’, and ‘media effect paradigm’, revealing diverse moral panics and social discourses regarding media and young children in South Korea. For instance, game addiction, violence, gender stereotype, obesity, blurred vision, and other physical and social problematic behaviors were explored. This study argues that it is necessary to move beyond the media panics and the contradictory and dichotomous views (e.g., passive consumption or active production, mechanical use or creative use, and interactive relationship or noninteractive relationship) on young children’s media. Furthermore, it is urged to grasp various, different, and dynamic children’s lives with media in Korean cultural contexts through novel and open-minded perspectives. To do this, this study suggests a reader-response approach in young children's media studies. It calls for a careful contextual understanding of children’s use of media with research-based evidence rather than fearful and prejudiced arguments and expectations. This study invites us to rethink the modern young children and media and to newly understand contemporary young children’s everyday practices and emerging play cultures with new media.

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