플라톤에서 ‘자기 서술’을 어떻게 이해할 것인가?
How Should We Understand Self-Predication in Plato?
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1954년 블라스토스가 ‘자기 서술’이라는 표현을 도입한 이래 플라톤에서 자기 서술을 어떻게 이해할 것인지에 대해서는 활발한 논의가 이루어져 왔다. 그런데 기존의 논의는 대개 플라톤이 서술 일반에 대해서 어떤 생각을 가지고 있는지를 특별히 고려하지 않은 채로 형상의 자기 서술 문제를 다루었다. 그러다 보니 기존의 논의들에서는 플라톤이 명사와 형용사를 구분하지 않고 모두 ‘이름’으로 간주한다는 사실이 크게 주목받지 않았다. 특히 플라톤에서 주어 자리만이 아니라 술어 자리에 오는 형용사도 이름이라는 사실의 함축은 거의 간과되어 왔다. 하지만 플라톤의 자기 서술을 이해하기 위해서는 이 점을 기억하는 것이 결정적으로 중요하다. 이름은 지시적 기능에 더불어 정체성을 나타내는 기능을 가질 수 있는데, 플라톤의 서술 이론은 바로 그러한 기능을 적극적으로 사용하는 것이다. 이 점에 주목하면 플라톤에서 자기 서술은 정체성을 나타내는 진술이라는 것을 파악할 수 있다.
Abstract
Ever since Gregory Vlastos introduced the term ‘self-predication’ in 1954, there have been ample discussions concerning how we should understand self-predication in Plato. Previous studies, however, usually deal with the issue without considering Plato’s conception of predication in general. In consequence, they have not paid a sufficient attention to the fact that Plato regards nouns and adjectives together as names (onomata). In particular, it has been neglected that adjectives in the predicate position as well as those in the subject position are regarded as names. But this fact proves to be crucial in understanding Plato’s views on predication in general. In addition to the function of designating an entity, a name may have a function of expressing a (partial) identity of the designated entity. Plato’s theory of predication takes a full advantage of that function. When we pay attention to this feature, we can see that self-predication in Plato is predication that expresses the identity (or ousia) of the subject.
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