≪高麗史≫⋅≪朝鮮王朝實錄≫ 白話文 중 複數標志 ‘每⋅們’에 관한 硏究

Abstract

This paper focuses on the Chinese plural markers “Mei每” and “門Men” shown in Written vernacular Chinese (Baihua) in ≪History of Goryeo 高麗史≫ and ≪Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty 朝鮮王朝實錄≫. Former studies of these two literatures did not focus on Written vernacular Chinese, as they were mainly written in Classical Chinese. However, these two literatures could be used as important historical records of Written vernacular Chinese (Baihua), as the spoken language of the time would have been reflected in its written form, and it is recorded with its precise time of appearance. In the two literatures, “Mei每” and “門Men” are post-positional words located behind the central word, taking the form of ‘Z(central word)+Mei每/門Men’ to express plurality. They are usually attached to personal pronouns to mark plurality. They are also attached to either personal nouns, or personal substitute combined with demonstrative pronouns to mark plurality. Only “Mei每” is used in ≪History of Goryeo 高麗史≫, while in ≪Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty 朝鮮王朝實錄≫, the usage of “Mei每” changes to the usage of “門Men”, chronologically. In terms of the timing of appearance, “Mei每” was used the period corresponding to the late Song Dynasty until the Yuan and Ming Dynasty of China, while “門Men” was used in the corresponing peiod of the Ming and Qing Dynasty of China. This represents the form of Modern Chinese(近代漢語) in late Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasty.